systemctl命令应用

记录：342

场景：在CentOS 7.9操作系统上，使用systemctl命令启动、停止、重启服务；使用systemctl命令设置开机启动、开机关闭服务等功能。使用systemctl命令查看系统上安装的服务信息。

版本：

操作系统：CentOS 7.9

1.命令应用

(1)查看系统上已安装的服务

命令：systemctl list-unit-files

解析：查看系统上已经安装的全部服务service。服务状态包括static、enabled、enabled等。

命令：systemctl list-unit-files | grep firewalld

解析：使用grep命令，搜索服务名包含firewalld关键字的服务。

(2)查看开机禁用的服务

命令：systemctl list-unit-files | grep disabled

解析：查看所有开机禁用的服务，只要服务是disabled，开机不会自动启动服务，如需使用，需手动启动服务。

(3)查看开机启用的服务

命令：systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled

解析：查看所有开机启动的服务，只要服务是enabled，开机会自动启动服务。

(4)查看服务状态

查看状态：systemctl status 服务名称

查看状态：systemctl status firewalld

查看服务状态：systemctl status firewalld.service

解析：以firewalld.service为例，查看防火墙状态，如果是Active: active (running)，则已经开启防火墙。如果是Active: inactive (dead)，则已关闭防火墙。使用时可以不用加上.service后缀。

(5)开启服务

开启服务：systemctl start 服务名称

开启防火墙：systemctl start firewalld

解析：以firewalld.service为例，开启防火墙服务。

(6)停止服务

关闭服务：systemctl stop 服务名称

关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld

解析：以firewalld.service为例，关闭防火墙服务。

(7)重启服务

重启服务：systemctl stop 服务名称

重启防火墙：systemctl restart firewalld

解析：以firewalld.service为例，重启防火墙服务。

(8)设置服务开机启动

设置服务开机启动：systemctl enable 服务名称

开机启用防火墙：systemctl enable firewalld

解析：以firewalld.service为例，开机启用防火墙。

(9)设置服务开机禁用

设置服务开机禁用：systemctl disable 服务名称

设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld

解析：以firewalld.service为例，设置开机禁用防火墙，主机启动时，就会关闭防火墙。

(10)查看服务单元信息

命令：systemctl list-units

解析：查看所有服务信息、包括UNIT、LOAD、ACTIVE、SUB、DESCRIPTION信息。

(11)查看服务的依赖关系

命令：systemctl list-dependencies sshd

解析：查看服务依赖关系，比如查看sshd服务关联的服务。

(12)查看全部服务信息

命令：systemctl -a

解析：查看全部服务信息。

systemctl list-dependencies sshd

2.命令帮助手册

命令：systemctl --help

解析：查看systemctl支持全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。

systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...

Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.

  -h --help           Show this help
     --version        Show package version
     --system         Connect to system manager
  -H --host=[USER@]HOST
                      Operate on remote host
  -M --machine=CONTAINER
                      Operate on local container
  -t --type=TYPE      List units of a particular type
     --state=STATE    List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name
  -a --all            Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
                      ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
                      the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
  -l --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output
  -r --recursive      Show unit list of host and local containers
     --reverse        Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
     --job-mode=MODE  Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
                      queueing a new job
     --show-types     When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
  -i --ignore-inhibitors
                      When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors
     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to
  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send
     --now            Start or stop unit in addition to enabling or disabling it
  -q --quiet          Suppress output
     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished
     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot
     --no-reload      Don't reload daemon after en-/dis-abling unit files
     --no-legend      Do not print a legend (column headers and hints)
     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager
     --no-ask-password
                      Do not ask for system passwords
     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally
     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot
  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks
                      When shutting down, execute action immediately
     --preset-mode=   Apply only enable, only disable, or all presets
     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory
  -n --lines=INTEGER  Number of journal entries to show
  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,
                              short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,
                              export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)
     --plain          Print unit dependencies as a list instead of a tree

Unit Commands:
  list-units [PATTERN...]         List loaded units
  list-sockets [PATTERN...]       List loaded sockets ordered by address
  list-timers [PATTERN...]        List loaded timers ordered by next elapse
  start NAME...                   Start (activate) one or more units
  stop NAME...                    Stop (deactivate) one or more units
  reload NAME...                  Reload one or more units
  restart NAME...                 Start or restart one or more units
  try-restart NAME...             Restart one or more units if active
  reload-or-restart NAME...       Reload one or more units if possible,
                                  otherwise start or restart
  reload-or-try-restart NAME...   Reload one or more units if possible,
                                  otherwise restart if active
  isolate NAME                    Start one unit and stop all others
  kill NAME...                    Send signal to processes of a unit
  is-active PATTERN...            Check whether units are active
  is-failed PATTERN...            Check whether units are failed
  status [PATTERN...|PID...]      Show runtime status of one or more units
  show [PATTERN...|JOB...]        Show properties of one or more
                                  units/jobs or the manager
  cat PATTERN...                  Show files and drop-ins of one or more units
  set-property NAME ASSIGNMENT... Sets one or more properties of a unit
  help PATTERN...|PID...          Show manual for one or more units
  reset-failed [PATTERN...]       Reset failed state for all, one, or more
                                  units
  list-dependencies [NAME]        Recursively show units which are required
                                  or wanted by this unit or by which this
                                  unit is required or wanted

Unit File Commands:
  list-unit-files [PATTERN...]    List installed unit files
  enable NAME...                  Enable one or more unit files
  disable NAME...                 Disable one or more unit files
  reenable NAME...                Reenable one or more unit files
  preset NAME...                  Enable/disable one or more unit files
                                  based on preset configuration
  preset-all                      Enable/disable all unit files based on
                                  preset configuration
  is-enabled NAME...              Check whether unit files are enabled
  mask NAME...                    Mask one or more units
  unmask NAME...                  Unmask one or more units
  link PATH...                    Link one or more units files into
                                  the search path
  add-wants TARGET NAME...        Add 'Wants' dependency for the target
                                  on specified one or more units
  add-requires TARGET NAME...     Add 'Requires' dependency for the target
                                  on specified one or more units
  edit NAME...                    Edit one or more unit files
  get-default                     Get the name of the default target
  set-default NAME                Set the default target

Machine Commands:
  list-machines [PATTERN...]      List local containers and host

Job Commands:
  list-jobs [PATTERN...]          List jobs
  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs

Snapshot Commands:
  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot
  delete NAME...                  Remove one or more snapshots

Environment Commands:
  show-environment                Dump environment
  set-environment NAME=VALUE...   Set one or more environment variables
  unset-environment NAME...       Unset one or more environment variables
  import-environment [NAME...]    Import all or some environment variables

Manager Lifecycle Commands:
  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration
  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager

System Commands:
  is-system-running               Check whether system is fully running
  default                         Enter system default mode
  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode
  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode
  halt                            Shut down and halt the system
  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system
  reboot [ARG]                    Shut down and reboot the system
  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec
  exit                            Request user instance exit
  switch-root ROOT [INIT]         Change to a different root file system
  suspend                         Suspend the system
  hibernate                       Hibernate the system
  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system

以上，感谢。

2022年11月27日