图像锐化处理

图像锐化原理：
下面我们进行一个简单的滤波操作，滤波算子为[0 –1 0;-1 5 –1;0 –1 0]，它可以让图像变得尖锐，而边缘更加突出。核心公式即：
sharp(i.j)=5*image(i,j)-image(i-1,j)-image(i+1,j)-image(i,j-1)-image(i,j+1)

 版本一：
图像遍历使用三个指针，一个指向当前行、一个指向前一行、一个指向后一行，由于每个像素值计算都需要它的上下左右四个领域像素值，所以不可能对图像的第一行、最后一行、第一列、最后一列进行计算。具体代码如下：
#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

void sharpen(Mat& image,Mat& result){
    result.create(image.size(),image.type());
    for(int i=1;i<image.rows-1;i++){
        const uchar* current=image.ptr<const uchar>(i);
        const uchar* previous=image.ptr<const uchar>(i-1);
        const uchar* next=image.ptr<const uchar>(i+1);
        uchar* data_out=result.ptr<uchar>(i);
        for(int j=0;j<image.cols-1;j++){
            if(image.channels()==1)
            {
                data_out[j]=saturate_cast<uchar>(5*current[j]-current[j+1]-current[j-1]-previous[j]-next[j]);
            }
            else if(image.channels()==3)
            {
                *(data_out + j*image.elemSize()) =saturate_cast<uchar>(5 * *(current + j*image.elemSize()) - *(current + (j-1)*image.elemSize())- *(current + (j+1)*image.elemSize()) - *(previous + j*image.elemSize())- *(next + j*image.elemSize()));  
                *(data_out + j*image.elemSize() + 1) = saturate_cast<uchar>(5 * *(current + j*image.elemSize() + 1) - *(current + (j-1)*image.elemSize() + 1)- *(current + (j+1)*image.elemSize() + 1) - *(previous + j*image.elemSize() + 1)- *(next + j*image.elemSize() + 1));  
                *(data_out + j*image.elemSize() + 2) = saturate_cast<uchar>(5 * *(current + j*image.elemSize() + 2) - *(current + (j-1)*image.elemSize() + 2)- *(current + (j+1)*image.elemSize() + 2) - *(previous + j*image.elemSize() + 2)- *(next + j*image.elemSize() + 2));  

            }
        }
        if(image.channels()==0)
        {
            result.row(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
            result.row(result.rows-1).setTo(Scalar(0));
            result.col(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
            result.col(result.cols-1).setTo(Scalar(0));
        }
        else if(image.channels()==3)
        {
            result.row(0).setTo(Scalar(0,0,0));
            result.row(result.rows-1).setTo(Scalar(0,0,0));
            result.col(0).setTo(Scalar(0,0,0));
            result.col(result.cols-1).setTo(Scalar(0,0,0));

        }
    }
}

int main(){
    Mat image=imread("F:\\opencv_test\\1.jpg",0);
    cout<<image.channels()<<endl;
    Mat result;
    double dur;
    dur=static_cast<double>(getTickCount());
    sharpen(image,result);
    dur=static_cast<double>(getTickCount())-dur;
    dur/=getTickFrequency();
    cout<<dur;

    namedWindow("1");
    imshow("1",result);
    namedWindow("2");
    imshow("2",image);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

版本二：调用Opencv中定义的函数filter2D完成，在使用它之前需要先定义一个矩阵模版，然后以一副图像和这个模板为参数，返回滤波后的图像；具体代码如下：
int main(){
    Mat kernals(3,3,CV_32F,Scalar(0));
    kernals.at<float>(0,1)=-1.0;
    kernals.at<float>(1,1)=5.0;
    kernals.at<float>(1,0)=-1.0;
    kernals.at<float>(1,2)=-1.0;
    kernals.at<float>(2,1)=-1.0;
    Mat image=imread("F:\\opencv_test\\1.jpg");
    cout<<image.channels()<<endl;

    Mat result;
    filter2D(image,result,image.depth(),kernals);
    namedWindow("1");
    imshow("1",result);
    namedWindow("2");
    imshow("2",image);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;

}

图像的简单算术运算
（1）注：需要图像的尺寸和类型相同
// c[i]= k1*a[1]+k2*b[i]+k3;
cv::addWeighted(imageA,k1,imageB,k2,k3,resultC);
（2）等价写法：
result= 0.7*image1+0.9*image2;