Andoird 中使用了一种不同传统Java JNI的方式来定义其native的函数。其中很重要的区别是Andorid使用了一种Java 和 C 函数的映射表数组,并在其中描述了函数的参数和返回值。这个数组的类型是JNINativeMethod,定义如下:
typedef struct {
} JNINativeMethod;
第一个变量name是Java中函数的名字。
第二个变量signature,用字符串是描述了函数的参数和返回值
第三个变量fnPtr是函数指针,指向C函数。
其中比较难以理解的是第二个参数,例如
"()V"
"(II)V"
"(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"
实际上这些字符是与函数的参数类型一一对应的。
"()" 中的字符表示参数,后面的则代表返回值。例如"()V" 就表示void Func();
"(II)V" 表示 void Func(int, int);
具体的每一个字符的对应关系如下
字符
V
Z
I
J
D
F
B
C
S
数组则以"["开始,用两个字符表示
[I
[F
[B
[C
[S
[D
[J
[Z
上面的都是基本类型。如果Java函数的参数是class,则以"L"开头,以";"结尾中间是用"/" 隔开的包及类名。而其对应的C函数名的参数则为jobject. 一个例外是String类,其对应的类为jstring
Ljava/lang/String;
Ljava/net/Socket;
如果JAVA函数位于一个嵌入类,则用$作为类名间的分隔符。
例如 "(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/FileUtils$FileStatus;)Z"
下边是我在做串口通信时的代码:
- static const char *classPathName = "android/serialport/SerialPort";
- //注意Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;最后的分号,刚开始做时漏了这个分号,查了两天时间,汗
- static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
- {"open", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_open },
- {"close", "()V", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_close },
- };
- /*
- * Register several native methods for one class.
- */
- static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
- JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
- {
- jclass clazz;
- clazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, className);
- if (clazz == NULL)
- return JNI_FALSE;
- if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, clazz, gMethods, numMethods) < 0)
- {
- LOGE("register nativers error");
- return JNI_FALSE;
- }
- return JNI_TRUE;
- }
- /*
- * Register native methods for all classes we know about.
- *
- * returns JNI_TRUE on success.
- */
- static int registerNatives(JNIEnv* env)
- {
- if (!registerNativeMethods(env, classPathName,
- methods, sizeof(methods) / sizeof(methods[0]))) {
- return JNI_FALSE;
- }
- return JNI_TRUE;
- }
- /*
- * This is called by the VM when the shared library is first loaded.
- */
- jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)
- {
- JNIEnv* env = NULL;
- jint result = -1;
- LOGI("Entering JNI_OnLoad\n");
- if ((*vm)->GetEnv(vm, (void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
- goto bail;
- assert(env != NULL);
- if (!registerNatives(env))
- goto bail;
- /* success -- return valid version number */
- result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
- bail:
- LOGI("Leaving JNI_OnLoad (result=0x%x)\n", result);
- return result;
- }
static const char *classPathName = "android/serialport/SerialPort";
//注意Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;最后的分号,刚开始做时漏了这个分号,查了两天时间,汗
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
{"open", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_open },
{"close", "()V", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_close },
};
/*
* Register several native methods for one class.
*/
static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
jclass clazz;
clazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, className);
if (clazz == NULL)
return JNI_FALSE;
if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, clazz, gMethods, numMethods) < 0)
{
LOGE("register nativers error");
return JNI_FALSE;
}
return JNI_TRUE;
}
/*
* Register native methods for all classes we know about.
*
* returns JNI_TRUE on success.
*/
static int registerNatives(JNIEnv* env)
{
if (!registerNativeMethods(env, classPathName,
methods, sizeof(methods) / sizeof(methods[0]))) {
return JNI_FALSE;
}
return JNI_TRUE;
}
/*
* This is called by the VM when the shared library is first loaded.
*/
jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)
{
JNIEnv* env = NULL;
jint result = -1;
LOGI("Entering JNI_OnLoad\n");
if ((*vm)->GetEnv(vm, (void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
goto bail;
assert(env != NULL);
if (!registerNatives(env))
goto bail;
/* success -- return valid version number */
result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
bail:
LOGI("Leaving JNI_OnLoad (result=0x%x)\n", result);
return result;
}
static jobject android_serialport_SerialPort_open(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate);
static void android_serialport_SerialPort_close(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz);
另外还要注意一点,如果是C++,使用的是env, 如果是C,使用的是(*env),最好参考相应系统中的代码来写。
/********************************************************************************************
* author:conowen@大钟
* E-mail:conowen@hotmail.com
* http://blog.csdn.net/conowen
* 注:本文为原创,仅作为学习交流使用,转载请标明作者及出处。
********************************************************************************************/
1、JNINativeMethod 结构体的官方定义
- typedef struct {
- const char* name;
- const char* signature;
- void* fnPtr;
- } JNINativeMethod;
typedef struct {
const char* name;
const char* signature;
void* fnPtr;
} JNINativeMethod;
第一个变量name是Java中函数的名字。
第二个变量signature,用字符串是描述了Java中函数的参数和返回值
第三个变量fnPtr是函数指针,指向native函数。前面都要接 (void *)
第一个变量与第三个变量是对应的,一个是java层方法名,对应着第三个参数的native方法名字
更多内容请查看之前博文:http://blog.csdn.net/conowen/article/details/7521340
示例:
- /*
- * 由于gMethods[]是一个<名称,函数指针>对照表,在程序执行时,
- * 可多次调用registerNativeMethods()函数来更换本地函数的指针,
- * 从而达到弹性调用本地函数的目的。
- *具体可以参看http://blog.csdn.net/conowen/article/details/7521340
- */
- static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
- {"setDataSource", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setDataSource},
- {"_setVideoSurface", "(Landroid/view/Surface;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setVideoSurface},
- {"prepare", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_prepare},
- {"_start", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_start},
- {"_stop", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_stop},
- {"getVideoWidth", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getVideoWidth},
- {"getVideoHeight", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getVideoHeight},
- {"seekTo", "(I)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_seekTo},
- {"_pause", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_pause},
- {"isPlaying", "()Z", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_isPlaying},
- {"getCurrentPosition", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getCurrentPosition},
- {"getDuration", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getDuration},
- {"_release", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_release},
- {"_reset", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_reset},
- {"setAudioStreamType", "(I)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setAudioStreamType},
- {"native_init", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_init},
- {"native_setup", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_setup},
- {"native_finalize", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_finalize},
- {"native_suspend_resume", "(Z)I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_suspend_resume},
- };
/*
* 由于gMethods[]是一个<名称,函数指针>对照表,在程序执行时,
* 可多次调用registerNativeMethods()函数来更换本地函数的指针,
* 从而达到弹性调用本地函数的目的。
*具体可以参看http://blog.csdn.net/conowen/article/details/7521340
*/
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
{"setDataSource", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setDataSource},
{"_setVideoSurface", "(Landroid/view/Surface;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setVideoSurface},
{"prepare", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_prepare},
{"_start", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_start},
{"_stop", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_stop},
{"getVideoWidth", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getVideoWidth},
{"getVideoHeight", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getVideoHeight},
{"seekTo", "(I)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_seekTo},
{"_pause", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_pause},
{"isPlaying", "()Z", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_isPlaying},
{"getCurrentPosition", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getCurrentPosition},
{"getDuration", "()I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_getDuration},
{"_release", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_release},
{"_reset", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_reset},
{"setAudioStreamType", "(I)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_setAudioStreamType},
{"native_init", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_init},
{"native_setup", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_setup},
{"native_finalize", "()V", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_finalize},
{"native_suspend_resume", "(Z)I", (void *)com_media_ffmpeg_FFMpegPlayer_native_suspend_resume},
};
主要是第二个参数比较复杂:
括号里面表示参数的类型,括号后面表示返回值。
"()" 中的字符表示参数,后面的则代表返回值。例如"()V" 就表示void Fun();
"(II)V" 表示 void Fun(int a, int b);
这些字符与函数的参数类型的映射表如下:
2、第二个参数之基本数据类型
3、第二个参数之对象类型与数组类型
对象类型:以"L"开头,以";"结尾,中间是用"/" 隔开。如上表第1个
数组类型:以"["开始。如上表第2个(n维数组的话,则是前面多少个"["而已,如"[[[D"表示“double[][][]”)
对象数组类型:上述两者结合,如上表第3个
3.1、对象类型与数组类型的举例: