C/C++ strlen函数为什么不能传入空指针NULL?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    int a;
    char *name = NULL;
    a = strlen(name);
    return 0;
}

以上程序编译没问题，运行将会报错。

原因就是name为NULL，strlen参数不能为NULL，为探究原因，我查看了glibc对strlen函数的实现代码如下:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#undef strlen

#ifndef STRLEN
#define STRLEN strlen
#endif

size_t STRLEN(const char *str)
{
    const char *char_ptr;
    const unsigned long int *longword_ptr;
    unsigned long int longword, himagic, lomagic;

    //Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time.
    //Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary.
    for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr & (sizeof(longword) - 1)) != 0; ++char_ptr)
        if (*char_ptr == '\0') return char_ptr - str;
            longword_ptr = (unsigned long int *) char_ptr;

    /*Bits 31, 24, 16, and 8 of this number are zero. Call these bits the
    "holes." Note that there is a hole just to the left of each byte, with 
    an extra at the end:

    bits: 01111110 11111110 11111110 11111111
    bytes: AAAAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD

    The 1-bits make sure that carries propagate to the next 0-bit.
    The 0-bits provide holes for carries to fall into.
    */
    himagic = 0x80808080L;
    lomagic = 0x01010101L;
    if (sizeof(longword) > 4) {
        /* 64-bit version of the magic. */
        /* Do the shift in two steps to avoid a warning if long has 32 bits. */
        himagic = ((himagic << 16) << 16) | himagic;
        lomagic = ((lomagic << 16) << 16) | lomagic;
    }
    if (sizeof(longword) > 8) 
        abort();

    /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each characters,
    we will test a longword at a time. The tricky part is testing
    if *any of the four* bytes in the longword in question are zero. */
    for (;;) {
        longword = *longword_ptr++; //strlen函数为什么不能传入空指针原因!
        if (((longword - lomagic) & ~longword & himagic) != 0) {
            /*Which of the bytes was the zero? If none of them were, it was
            a misfire; continue the search. */
            const char *cp = (const char *)(longword_ptr - 1);
            if (cp[0] == 0)
                return cp - str;
            if (cp[1] == 0)
                return cp - str + 1;
            if (cp[2] == 0)
                return cp - str + 2;
            if (cp[3] == 0) 
                return cp - str + 3;
            if (sizeof(longword) > 4) {
                if (cp[4] == 0) 
                    return cp - str + 4;
                if (cp[5] == 0)
                    return cp - str + 5;
                if (cp[6] == 0)
                    return cp - str + 6;
                if (cp[7] == 0)
                    return cp - str + 7;
            }
        }
    }
}

从第47行可见，如果传入NULL，则

longword = *longword_ptr++;

longword_ptr为NULL，从而*longword_ptr是不可访问的。

注:*longword_ptr++等效于*(longword_ptr++), 即先求*longword_ptr,再对longword_ptr+1。

 

转自:https://blog.csdn.net/a3192048/article/details/80933476