根据具体日期获取当前日期所在年的周数

第一种方法：
  function GetWeekByDate(testTime) {
  
              var arrayMonthDay = null;
              var nowDate = new Date();//当前日期
              var nowYear = nowDate.getFullYear();//当前年
              var nowMonth = 1;//第一月
              var nowDay = 1;//第一天
              var week = 1;//第一周
          
           //根据年是否为闰年,得到 arrayMonthDay的值
             if ((nowYear % 400 == 0) || (nowYear % 4 == 0) && (nowYear % 100 != 0)) {
                 arrayMonthDay = [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];
             }
             else {
                 arrayMonthDay = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];
            }
                         //获取当前年的一月一号 是星期几
             var time = nowYear + "-" + nowMonth + "-" + nowDay;
             var weekDay = new Date(time).getDay();
 
 
             var bdate = new Date(testTime); //选择的时间
             var bmonth = bdate.getMonth() + 1; //月
             var bday = bdate.getDate(); //日期
             var bweek = 0;
             while (true) {            //如果当前的月份是验证的月份的值,并且当前的天数是验证的日期的值,则结束循环,保存日期
                 if (nowMonth == bmonth && nowDay == bday) {
                     bweek = week;
                     break;
                 }
                //否则当天++,星期xx
                 nowDay++;
                weekDay++;

                 //如果当天的值>当前月份所对应的的最大天数,则月份+1,日期改为1
                 if (nowDay > arrayMonthDay[nowMonth - 1]) {
                     nowMonth++;
                     nowDay = 1;
                 }
                  
                  //如果当前星期大于6,则说明这周已完成,周数+1,星期改为 0 
                 if (weekDay > 6) {
                    week++;
                    weekDay = 0;
                }
            }
            var value = bweek ;
            return value;
         }

传参：

var testTime = "2019-05-13";

var weekDays = GetweekByDate(testTime);

console.log(`这里获得的具体日期所在年的周数是：${weekDays}`)

第二种方法：

function getYearWeek(dateString) {
  var da = dateString; //日期格式2015-12-30
  //当前日期
  var date1 = new Date(
    da.substring(0, 4),
    parseInt(da.substring(5, 7)) - 1,
    da.substring(8, 10)
  );
  //1月1号
  var date2 = new Date(da.substring(0, 4), 0, 1);
  //获取1月1号星期（以周一为第一天，0周一~6周日）
  var dateWeekNum = date2.getDay() - 1;
  if (dateWeekNum < 0) {
    dateWeekNum = 6;
  }
  if (dateWeekNum < 4) {
    //前移日期
    date2.setDate(date2.getDate() - dateWeekNum);
  } else {
    //后移日期
    date2.setDate(date2.getDate() + 7 - dateWeekNum);
  }
  var d = Math.round((date1.valueOf() - date2.valueOf()) / 86400000);
  if (d < 0) {
    var date3 = date1.getFullYear() - 1 + "-12-31";
    return getYearWeek(date3);
  } else {
    //得到年数周数
    var year = date1.getFullYear();
    var week = Math.ceil((d + 1) / 7);
    return week;
  }
}
var dateString = "2021-01-09";
getYearWeek(dateString);

console.log(getYearWeek(dateString);