目录
课程回顾：
-
python基础
-
函数
今日概要：
-
模块
- db.py - excel.py - app.py
-
自定义模块
-
内置模块
import random num = random.randint(10,99)
-
第三方模块
- 下载 - 使用
-
1.自定义模块
1.1 模块和包
-
模块，py文件
-
包，文件夹
1.2 导入问题
1.2.1 路径
-
import db
[ '/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day03', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python39.zip', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/lib-dynload', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/requests-2.26.0-py3.9.egg', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/charset_normalizer-2.0.7-py3.9.egg', '/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/plugins/python/helpers/pycharm_matplotlib_backend' ]
-
sys.path.append(r'C:\Users\86136\Desktop')
加入之后，这个目录的python文件就可以被解释器找到
1.2.2 导入方式
-
import ，一般用于导入当前py文件兄弟目录下的py文件。
app.py db.py
import db
-
from xxx import ，文件和文件夹的嵌套
# import utils.xx.helper # data = utils.xx.helper.get_email() # print(data) from utils.xx import helper data = helper.get_email() print(data)
常见问题：
无论你的代码在哪层目录下，在导入模块时，一定要根据sys.path中的到模块的顺序来进行编写。
├── __pycache__
├── app.py
├── db.py
└── utils
└── xx
├── excel.py
└── helper.py
# excel.py import helper # 错误 from utils.xx import heler
1.3 主文件
主函数，程序运行时自定会执行的函数。
def run():
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
总结
-
运行程序时，导入模块，去哪里导入？
import sys print(sys.path)
- 【优先】运行的当前py文件所在的目录 - 【其次】python安装目录中
-
主文件和其他文件的区分
-
导入模块
import 文件 from xx import 文件夹/文件
2.第三方模块
别人写好的py文件或文件夹，我们要把它下载下来，然后在代码中进行使用。
下载并安装第三方模块时，使用的工具:pip
-
打开终端 或 Pycharm的Terminal
-
输入下载命令
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin/pip3.9 install requests
如果把Python安装目录加入到环境变量： /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin 以后再去安装第三方模块时，就不需要写前缀： pip3.9 install requests
win同学
C:\python39 - Scripts - pip.exe - pip3.9.exe - Lib - site-packages - requests - openpyxl - python.exe
C:\python39\Scripts\pip install requests
把安装目录加入到环境变量 C:\python39\Scripts 以后再去安装第三方模块时，就不需要写前缀： pip3.9 install requests
2.1 pip的常见问题
-
pip更新的问题
-
下载慢，换成国内的源（豆瓣源）
-
一次性的
pip install requests pip install requests -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
-
永久配置
# 在终端执行如下命令 pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ # 安装模块 pip install openpyxl
-
其他源：
阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 中国科技大学：https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 清华大学：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 中国科学技术大学：http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
2.2 源码安装
-
下载源码包
-
解压
-
终端进入目录
python3.9 setup.py build python3.9 setup.py install
2.3 wheel包
-
让自己的pip支持直接读取wheel包
pip3.9 install wheel
-
pip就可以直接读取whl包并安装
pip3.9 install requests2-2.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
注意：其他由于编译问题安装包不成功，可以尝试使用wheel 。
案例
-
接口的监测的功能。
import requests # 返回的很多的内容 res = requests.get("https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=12&offset=0&category_id=9999") # 获取字符串类型 # print(res.text) # 获取字符串类型->字典 data_dict = res.json() for item in data_dict["data"]['result']: print(item['name']) -
企业微信发送报警信息
- 创建群 - 机器人 + Hook网址 - 向Hook网址发送请求
import requests web_hook_url = 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=e69fqwe3c-3572-4d7e-bbd9-34442c086e837' res = requests.post( url=web_hook_url, json={ "msgtype": "text", "text": { "content": "xxxxx报警信息", "mentioned_list": ["@all"] } } ) res.close()
requests模块的作用？
帮助我们通过代码想某个地址发送请求（代替浏览器）。 - 第一步：难点，分析整个请求。 - 第二步：用代码实现分析的过程。
import requests
res = requests.post(
url="https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/auth/password/login/?loginWay=password",
json={"username": "alex", "password": "123123"}
)
# token=用户凭证
print(res.text)
3.内置模块
Python内部为我们提供的功能。
3.1 hashlib
可以对数据进行md5加密。
import hashlib
data_string = "中国移动"
obj = hashlib.md5()
obj.update(data_string.encode('utf-8'))
result = obj.hexdigest()
print(result)
有什么用呢？保存密码。
-
用户注册
import hashlib def encrypt(data_string): obj = hashlib.md5() obj.update(data_string.encode('utf-8')) result = obj.hexdigest() return result def run(): # 提示用户输入用户名和密码 user = input("请输入用户：") pwd = input("请输入密码：") password = encrypt(pwd) line = "{}|{}\n".format(user, password) # 保存数据库：连接、发送、保存 # 保存文件：打开文件、写入内容、关闭文件 file_object = open("db.txt", mode='a', encoding='utf-8') file_object.write(line) file_object.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run() -
用户登录
用户输入 用户名 & 密码（明文） 对密码进行md5加密 拿着 用户名+密码（密文）
import hashlib def encrypt(data_string): obj = hashlib.md5() obj.update(data_string.encode('utf-8')) result = obj.hexdigest() return result def run(): # 用户登录 user = input("请输入用户：") pwd = input("请输入密码：") password = encrypt(pwd) # 打开文件，读取内容，关闭文件 file_object = open("db.txt", mode='r', encoding='utf-8') data_string = file_object.read() file_object.close() data_list = data_string.strip().split('\n') for item in data_list: name, passwd = item.split('|') # [用户,密码] if name == user and password == passwd: print("登录成功") break if __name__ == '__main__': run()
md5进行加"盐"，本质上：加密时再加上我们自定义的字符串。
import hashlib
data_string = "admin"
obj = hashlib.md5("asdfa99F99123ks@ldjlkjlksdf".encode('utf-8'))
obj.update(data_string.encode('utf-8'))
result = obj.hexdigest()
print(result)
建议：只要用md5加密，就要进行加盐。
3.2 json模块
-
反序列化
import json data_string = '{"code":0,"data":{"count":2,"next":null,"previous":null,"result":[{"id":395,"name":"Word+PDF自动化办公","cover":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/course/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%BE_s4ZkvP5.png","course_img":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/course/列表图_s4ZkvP5.png","hours":"2","numbers":"19","complete_numbers":19,"course_slogan":"Word+PDF自动化办公","learn_number":1007,"first_section_id":null,"teacher":{"id":32,"image":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/activity/bo_1544078972.8352425.png","videos":[],"name":"波波","role":0,"title":"前百度数据挖掘工程师","signature":"曾就职于百度，任爬虫开发工程师","brief":"曾就职于百度，任爬虫开发工程师，擅长数据分析和爬虫技术，喜欢研究各种爬虫奇淫巧技，专治各种反爬取疑难杂症。"},"free_sections":[{"id":39668,"name":"Word自动化办公-写入指定样式的数据","free_trail":false},{"id":39681,"name":"PDF自动化办公-文档加密","free_trail":false},{"id":39664,"name":"Word自动化办公-环境安装介绍","free_trail":false},{"id":39669,"name":"Word自动化办公-单独设置文本样式","free_trail":false}],"payment_info":{"has_price":true,"price":19.9,"origin_price":59.0,"valid_period":10000,"is_promotion":true,"promotion_name":"限时折扣","promotion_price":"19.90","promotion_end_date":"2022-04-30 23:59:59"},"is_buy":false,"is_new":true,"learning_path_name":"ai"},{"id":396,"name":"Yuan老师带你深入浅出学Django","cover":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/course/%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%BE_q8n8F4H.png","course_img":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/course/列表图_q8n8F4H.png","hours":"5","numbers":"11","complete_numbers":34,"course_slogan":"Yuan老师带你深入浅出学Django","learn_number":1063,"first_section_id":null,"teacher":{"id":20,"image":"//hcdn2.luffycity.com/media/frontend/activity/yuanhao%403x_1517450106.3359919.png","videos":[{"title":"web应用程序1","img":"/static/frontend/degree_course_detail/苑昊-3_1533097716.7837143.jpeg","vid":"ff0a0f81dae94a3a941d01b873eac9ab","video_time":"19:02","play_count":654},{"title":"django基础介绍","img":"/static/frontend/degree_course_detail/苑昊-1_1533097717.4351325.jpeg","vid":"3b9b08e1aa924fa8addb1ca771488c8a","video_time":"09:30","play_count":456}],"name":"Avrion","role":0,"title":"路飞学城高级讲师","signature":"擅长Python开发/生物图像自动识别及处理技术","brief":"路飞学城高级讲师，曾参与新加坡南洋理工大学大数据医疗相关项目，就职过多家互联网企业，有着多年开发经验，精通java,python,go等编程语言，Uric开源软件作者，致力于人工智能与大数据方向，对机器学习，深度学习等算法有深度研究。"},"free_sections":[{"id":39684,"name":"Django开篇","free_trail":false},{"id":40831,"name":"模板继承","free_trail":false},{"id":40838,"name":"django的查询API","free_trail":false},{"id":40849,"name":"图书管理系统案例","free_trail":false}],"payment_info":{"has_price":true,"price":79.0,"origin_price":399.0,"valid_period":10000,"is_promotion":true,"promotion_name":"限时折扣","promotion_price":"79.00","promotion_end_date":"2022-04-30 23:59:59"},"is_buy":false,"is_new":true,"learning_path_name":"python"}]}}' data_dict = json.loads(data_string) print(data_dict) print(data_dict['code']) -
序列化，python的数据类型=>JSON格式的字符串
import json data_dict = {"k1": 123, "k2:": 456, 'k3': True, 'k4': [11, 22, 33]} data_string = json.dumps(data_dict) print(data_string)
json是什么？是一个格式，字符串的形式存在。
v1 = "{'k1':123,'k2':456}" -> 是字符串 不是JSON格式
v2 = '{"k1":123,"k2":456}' -> 是字符串 是JSON
v3 = '{"k1":123,"k2":456,"k3":True}' -> 是字符串 不是JSON格式
v4 = '{"k1":123,"k2":456,"k3":true}' -> 是字符串 是JSON格式
v5 = '{"k1":123,"k2":456,"k3":(11,22,33)}' -> 是字符串 不是JSON格式
v4 = '{"k1":123,"k2":456,"k3":[11,22,33]}' -> 是字符串 是JSON格式
import json
data_dict = {"k1": 123, "k2": 456, 'k3': True, 'k4': (11, 22, 33)}
data_string = json.dumps(data_dict)
print(data_string)
import json
data_string = '{"k1":123,"k2":456}'
v1 = json.loads(data_string)
print(v1)
json无法序列化所有的数据类型。
+-------------------+---------------+
| Python | JSON |
+===================+===============+
| dict | object |
+-------------------+---------------+
| list, tuple | array |
+-------------------+---------------+
| str | string |
+-------------------+---------------+
| int, float | number |
+-------------------+---------------+
| True | true |
+-------------------+---------------+
| False | false |
+-------------------+---------------+
| None | null |
+-------------------+---------------+
import json
import datetime
ctime = datetime.datetime.now()
ctime_string = ctime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") #返回是字符串
#data_dict = {"k1": 123, "k2": ctime} 会报错
data_dict = {"k1": 123, "k2": ctime_string}
v1 = json.dumps(data_dict)
print(v1)
案例：爬虫小案例
import requests
import json
# 返回的很多的内容
res = requests.get("https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/course/actual/?limit=12&offset=0&category_id=9999")
# 获取字符串类型 JSON格式字符串
print(res.text)
# 将从其他网站拿到的JSON字符串转换成Python的数据类型
data_dict = json.loads(res.text)
print(data_dict)
案例：网站
pip3.9 install flask
import json
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/login
@app.route("/login")
def login():
return "登录"
# http://127.0.0.1:5000/users
@app.route("/users")
def users():
data_dict = {"code": 0, "data": [11, 22, 33, 44]}
return json.dumps(data_dict)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
3.3 os模块
-
绝对路径
import os # /Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day03/db.txt v1 = os.path.abspath("db.txt") print(v1) v2 = os.path.abspath(__file__) print(v2) -
路径的拼接
import os # mac # file_path = "files/account.txt" # win # file_path = r"files\naccount.txt" # 路径拼接 file_path = os.path.join("files", "xx", "fff", "account.txt") print(file_path) -
文件/文件夹是否存在
import os file_path_1 = os.path.join("files", "account.txt") file_path_2 = os.path.join("files", "xx", "fff", "account.txt") v1 = os.path.exists(file_path_1) # True/False print(v1) v2 = os.path.exists(file_path_2) # True/False print(v2) -
创建文件夹
import os folder_path = os.path.join("file", "db", "work") if not os.path.exists(folder_path): os.makedirs(folder_path)
案例：用户注册的功能，为每个用户创建一个文件，文件名=用户名，内容：写密码。所有的数据要放在db目录下。
import os
def run():
# 1.输入用户名和密码
user = input("用户名：")
pwd = input("密码：")
# 2.先创建文件夹
folder_path = os.path.abspath("db")
if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
os.makedirs(folder_path)
# 3.在目录下写内容
# r，读模式
# a，追加模式（文件不存在，则创建）
# w，写模式，源文件清空，再写入。
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, "{}.txt".format(user))
file_object = open(file_path, mode="w", encoding='utf-8')
# 写内容
file_object.write(pwd)
# 关闭文件
file_object.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
-
os.listdir，查看你目录下都有哪些文件，找1级
import os # name_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day03/db") # print(name_list) # ['wupeiqi.txt', 'root.txt'] name_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/mtb/mtb") print(name_list) # ['asgi.py', '__init__.py', '__pycache__', 'local_settings.py', 'celery.py', 'settings.py', 'urls.py', 'wsgi.py'] -
os.walk，查看你目录下都有哪些文件，找遍所有角落。
import os obj = os.walk("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/mtb/amazon") for in_folder, b, file_list in obj: # a=/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/mtb/mtb/__pycache__ 进入那个目录 # b=['__pycache__'] 目录下所有的文件夹 # c=['asgi.py', '__init__.py', 'local_settings.py', 'celery.py', 'settings.py', 'urls.py', 'wsgi.py'] 目录下面所有的文件 for name in file_list: file_abs_path = os.path.join(in_folder, name) print(file_abs_path)import os obj = os.walk("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/mtb/amazon") for in_folder, b, file_list in obj: for name in file_list: # xxxxx.txt # xxxxx.png ext = name.split(".")[-1] if ext == "pyc": file_abs_path = os.path.join(in_folder, name) print(file_abs_path)
3.4 random
import random v1 = random.randint(100000, 999999) print(v1)
import random
num_list = [11, 22, 33, 44]
num = random.choice(num_list)
print(num)
xxxx='0123456789'
print("".join([random.choice(xxxx) for i in range(5)])) #随机拿出5个数字
import random
def f1():
print("f1")
def f2():
print("f2")
def f3():
print("f3")
def f4():
print("f4")
num_list = [f1, f2, f3, f4]
func = random.choice(num_list)
func()
注意：用处比较大。
import random num_list = [99, 11, 8, 22, 18, 33, 44] random.shuffle(num_list) print(num_list)
案例：扑克牌+抽牌。
import random
color_list = ["黑桃", "红桃", "梅花", "方片"]
num_list = range(1, 14) # [1,2,3,4..13] 不包括14
# poke_list = [ ("黑桃",1),("黑桃",2),("黑桃",13) ]
poke_list = []
for color in color_list:
# color = "黑桃"
for num in num_list:
# num=1 /2/34...13
group = (color, num)
poke_list.append(group)
# 打乱顺序
random.shuffle(poke_list)
# 抽牌
data = random.choice(poke_list)
print(data)
3.5 时间相关
-
time
-
datetime
3.5.1 time
import time # 时间戳 v1 = time.time() print(v1)
import time
while True:
print(123)
# 时间停止
time.sleep(5)
3.5.2 datetime
-
datetime对象的形式
import datetime # 本地时间 v1 = datetime.datetime.now() print(v1) tz = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=7)) v2 = datetime.datetime.now(tz) print(v2) v3 = datetime.datetime.utcnow() print(v3)
有点，方便实现时间的加减
from datetime import datetime, timedelta # 本地时间 v1 = datetime.now() print(v1) v2 = v1 + timedelta(days=527,hours=19) print(v2)
-
字符串的形式
v1 = "2022-04-14 19:18:17" v1 = "2022-04-14" v1 = "2022年04月14日"
时间之间的相互转换：
-
datateime -> 字符串类型
from datetime import datetime, timedelta # 本地时间 v1 = datetime.now() print(v1) # datetime对象转换成为字符串 v2 = v1.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S") print(v2, type(v2)) -
字符串 -> datetime类型
from datetime import datetime, timedelta v1 = "2022-04-14" v2 = datetime.strptime(v1, "%Y-%m-%d") v3 = v2 + timedelta(days=10) print(v3)
案例
-
提示用户输入手机号，记录入网时间（当前时间），把输入写入到文件（a模式）。
15566666666,2022-04-14 15566666666,2022-04-14 15566666666,2022-04-14 15566666666,2022-04-14
from datetime import datetime def run(): phone = input("手机号：") ctime_string = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") line = "{},{}\n".format(phone, ctime_string) # 打开文件并追加到里面 f = open("data.txt", encoding='utf-8', mode='a') f.write(line) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run() -
文件夹操作
让用户去注册，每天一个文件。 设计思路：database 20220414.txt 20220415.txt 20220416.txt
import os from datetime import datetime def run(): phone = input("手机号：") ctime_string = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") file_path = os.path.join("database", "{}.txt".format(ctime_string)) f = open(file_path, encoding='utf-8', mode='a') f.write(phone + "\n") f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
3.6 ini格式
my.ini
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-bin=py-mysql-bin character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid [client] default-character-set=utf8
读取数据
import configparser
# 自动会文件的内容进行解析
parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
parser.read("my.ini", encoding='utf-8')
# v1 = parser.sections()
# print(v1) # ['mysqld', 'mysqld_safe', 'client']
#
# v2 = parser.items("mysqld_safe")
# for k, v in v2:
# print(k, v)
v3 = parser.get("mysqld","socket")
print(v3)
删除
import configparser
# 自动会文件的内容进行解析
parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
parser.read("my.ini", encoding='utf-8')
# 内存删除
# parser.remove_option("mysqld", "socket")
parser.remove_section("mysqld_safe")
parser.write(open('my.ini', encoding='utf-8', mode='w'))
修改或者添加
import configparser
# 自动会文件的内容进行解析
parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
parser.read("my.ini", encoding='utf-8')
parser.add_section("group")
parser.set("group", "datadir", "xxxxx")
parser.write(open('my.ini', encoding='utf-8', mode='w'))
以后开发时，可以把它当成我们项目的配置文件。
3.7 正则表达式
-
正则表达式
-
re模块
import re
text = "楼主太手机号也可18731255799牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀"
# 提取文本中手机号
# 表示手机号：1[3|5|8|9]\d{9}
data = re.findall("1[3|5|8|9]\d{9}", text)
print(data)
3.7.1 字符相关
-
wupeiqi匹配文本中的wupeiqiimport re text = "你好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发wupeiqasd 阿士大夫能接受的wupeiqiff" data_list = re.findall("wupeiqi", text) print(data_list) # ['wupeiqi', 'wupeiqi'] 可用于计算字符串中某个字符出现的次数import re text = "你好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发wupeiqasd 阿士大夫能接受的wupeiqiff" data_list = re.findall("wupeiqi", text) print(data_list) # ['wupeiqi', 'wupeiqi'] 可用于计算字符串中某个字符出现的次数 -
[abc]匹配a或b或c 字符。import re text = "你2b好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发awupeiqasd 阿士大夫a能接受的wffbbupqaceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("[abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['b', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'c']import re text = "你2b好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发awupeiqasd 阿士大夫a能接受的wffbbupqcceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("q[abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['qa', 'qc'] -
[^abc]匹配除了abc意外的其他字符。import re text = "你wffbbupceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("[^abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['你', 'w', 'f', 'f', 'u', 'p', 'e', 'i', 'q', 'i', 'f', 'f'] -
[a-z]匹配a~z的任意字符（ [0-9]也可以 ）。import re text = "alexrootrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("t[a-z]", text) print(data_list) # ['tr', 'ta'] -
.代指除换行符以外的任意字符。import re text = "alexraotrootadmir9on" data_list = re.findall("r.o", text) print(data_list) # ['rao', 'roo',"r9o"]import re text = "alexraotrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("r.+o", text) # 贪婪匹配 print(data_list) # ['raotroo']import re text = "alexraotrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("r.+?o", text) # 非贪婪匹配 print(data_list) # ['rao'] -
\w代指字母或数字或下划线（汉字）。import re text = "北京武沛alex齐北 京武沛alex齐" data_list = re.findall("武\wa", text) print(data_list) # ["武沛a","武沛a"]import re text = "北京武沛alex齐北 京武沛alex齐" data_list = re.findall("武\w+x", text) print(data_list) # ['武沛alex', '武沛alex'] -
\d代指数字import re text = "root-ad32min-add3-admd1in" data_list = re.findall("d\d", text) print(data_list) # ['d3', 'd3', 'd1']import re text = "root-ad32min-add3-admd1in" data_list = re.findall("d\d+", text) print(data_list) # ['d32', 'd3', 'd1']
关于正则表达式中的字符（默认情况下只能代表1个）：
固定，例如：a、b、c 范围，例如：[a-z] [0-9] [A-Z] 数字，例如：\d 字母或数字或下划线（汉字），例如：\w 所有，例如：.
表示:
10个数字 \d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d
10个数字 \d{10}
1个或n个数字 \d+
0个1个数字 \d?
任意个数字 \d*
3.7.2 个数
-
*重复0次或更多次import re text = "他是大B个，确实是个大2B。大22B。大29B。" data_list = re.findall("大2*B", text) print(data_list) # ['大B', '大2B', '大22B']import re text = "他是大B个，确实是个大2B。大22B。大29B。" data_list = re.findall("大\d*B", text) print(data_list) # ['大B', '大2B', '大22B', '大29B'] -
+重复1次或更多次import re text = "他是大B个，确实是个大2B，大3B，大66666B。" data_list = re.findall("大\d+B", text) print(data_list) # ['大2B', '大3B', '大66666B'] -
?重复0次或1次import re text = "他是大B个，确实是个大2B，大3B，大66666B。" data_list = re.findall("大\d?B", text) print(data_list) # ['大B', '大2B', '大3B'] -
{n}重复n次import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("151312\d{5}", text) print(data_list) # ['15131255789'] -
{n,}重复n次或更多次import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("\d{9,}", text) print(data_list) # ['442662578', '15131255789'] -
{n,m}重复n到m次import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("\d{10,15}", text) print(data_list) # ['15131255789']
关于数量：
?
+
*
{}
3.7.3 贪婪匹配
import re
text = "alexraotrootadmin"
data_list = re.findall("r.+o", text) # 贪婪匹配
print(data_list) # ['raotroo']
import re
text = "alexraotrootadmin"
data_list = re.findall("r.+?o", text) # 非贪婪匹配
print(data_list) # ['rao', 'roo']
3.7.4 分组
-
提取区域
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("15131(2\d{5})", text) print(data_list) # ['255789']import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("15(1\d)1(2\d{5})", text) print(data_list) # [('13', '255789')]import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("(15(1\d)1(2\d{5}))", text) print(data_list) # [('15131255789', '13', '255789')] -
或 + 提取数据区域
import re text = "楼主15131root太牛15131alex逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" # 151312\d{5} # 15131r\w+太 data_list = re.findall("15131(2\d{5}|r\w+太)", text) print(data_list) # ['root太', '255789']import re text = "楼主15131root太牛15131alex逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" # 151312\d{5} # 15131r\w+太 data_list = re.findall("(15131(2\d{5}|r\w+太))", text) print(data_list) # [('15131root太', 'root太'), ('15131255789', '255789')]
案例
-
利用正则匹配QQ号码
[1-9]\d{4,} -
身份证号码
import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("\d{17}[\dX]", text) # [abc] print(data_list) # ['130429191912015219', '13042919591219521X']import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("\d{17}(\d|X)", text) print(data_list) # ['9', 'X']import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("(\d{17}(\d|X))", text) print(data_list) # [('130429191912015219', '9'), ('13042919591219521X', 'X')]import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("\d{6}(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})\d{3}[\d|X]", text) print(data_list) # [('1919', '12', '01'), ('1959', '12', '19')] import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("(\d{6}(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})\d{3}[\d|X])", text) print(data_list) # [('130429191912015219', '1919', '12', '01'), ('13042919591219521X', '1959', '12', '19')] -
手机号
import re text = "我的手机哈是15133377892，你的手机号是1171123啊？" data_list = re.findall("1[3-9]\d{9}", text) print(data_list) # ['15133377892'] -
邮箱地址
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" email_list = re.findall("\w+@\w+\.\w+",text) print(email_list) # ['442662578@qq.com和xxxxx'] \w可以匹配到中文import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" email_list = re.findall("[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+", text) print(email_list) # ['442662578@qq.com', 'xxxxx@live.com']import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" email_list = re.findall("\w+@\w+\.\w+", text, re.ASCII) print(email_list) # ['442662578@qq.com', 'xxxxx@live.com']import re text = "楼主太牛44266-2578@qq.com逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" email_list = re.findall("(\w+([-+.]\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*)", text, re.ASCII) print(email_list) # [('44266-2578@qq.com', '-2578', '', ''), ('xxxxx@live.com', '', '', '')]
3.7.5 re模块
-
findall
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了，在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主，手机号也可15131255789，搞起来呀" email_list = re.findall("[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+", text) print(email_list) # ['442662578@qq.com', 'xxxxx@live.com'] -
match，从文本的开头进行匹配
import re text = "大小逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.match("逗\dB", text) print(data) # Noneimport re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.match("逗\dB", text) print(data) # 对象 v1 = data.group() print(v1) -
search，通篇去匹配，只获取匹配成功的第一个
import re text = "大小逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.search("逗\dB", text) if data: print(data.group())
3.7.6 校验
起始符 ^ 终止符 $
import re
text = input("请输入手机号：")
mtc = re.match("^1[3-9]\d{9}$", text)
if mtc:
print("格式正确", text)
else:
print("格式错误")
3.8 多进程
- 创建
import multiprocessing
def worker():
"""该函数将在子进程中执行"""
print('Worker')
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建子进程
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker)
# 启动子进程
p.start()
# 等待子进程结束
p.join()
- 进程池
import multiprocessing
def worker(num):
"""该函数将在子进程中执行"""
print('Worker %d' % num)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建进程池
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(4)
# 启动进程池中的进程
pool.map(worker, range(10))
# 关闭进程池
pool.close()
# 等待进程池中的进程结束
pool.join()- 队列-进程间通信
import multiprocessing
def producer(q):
"""该函数将在生产者进程中执行"""
for i in range(10):
q.put(i)
def consumer(q):
"""该函数将在消费者进程中执行"""
while True:
item = q.get()
if item is None:
break
print(item)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建队列
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
# 创建生产者进程
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=producer, args=(q,))
# 创建消费者进程
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(q,))
# 启动进程
p1.start()
p2.start()
# 等待进程结束
p1.join()
# 发送结束信号
q.put(None)
p2.join()3.9 urllib
from urllib.parse import unquote,quote
txt = '你好'
#URL编码
new_txt = quote(txt)
print(new_txt)
#url解码
str='%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD'
print(unquote(str))
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