docker入门实践，快速搭建

下载docker安装依赖包

$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils \ device-mapper-persistent-data \ lvm2

安装docker

$ sudo yum install docker

安装完成后，验证是否安装成功

$ docker version

如果出现最下面的:Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
则说明，你的docker服务还没有启动

$ docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.13
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        4484c46d9d
 Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

运行docker

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart docker.service

安装镜像

由于项目需要centos系统，所以我安装的是centos的镜像
先搜索镜像

$ docker search centOS
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   6204                [OK]                
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              132                                     [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session…   122                                     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - …   115                                     [OK]
centos/systemd                     systemd enabled base container.                 86                                      [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   83                                      
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              58                                      [OK]
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      47                                      
centos/postgresql-96-centos7       PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational …   46                                      
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 29                                      [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names…   13                                      
guyton/centos6                     From official centos6 container with full up…   10                                      [OK]
centos/tools                       Docker image that has systems administration…   6                                       [OK]
drecom/centos-ruby                 centos ruby                                     6                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do…   5                                       
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                                       [OK]
mamohr/centos-java                 Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7    3                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi…   3                                       
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t…   3                                       
mcnaughton/centos-base             centos base image                               1                                       [OK]
indigo/centos-maven                Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen…   1                                       [OK]
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos7-dev            CentosOS 7 image for GPDB development           0                                       
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev          CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development         0                                       

拉取最新的centos镜像

docker pull centos:latest

下载完成后，查看本地镜像

$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              0d120b6ccaa8        6 weeks ago         215MB

下载完成镜像后，可以启动镜像了。注意：latest为镜像标签，如果没有写标签，默认启动latest标签的镜像。

$ docker run -t -i centos:latest /bin/bash
[root@4c07bc8594ca /]# 

docker启动完成后，就可以在镜像中安装我们需要的插件和部署服务了。
这里说一下向docker传输文件的方法

#docker向宿主机传输文件
$ docker cp container_id:<docker容器内的路径> <本地保存文件的路径>
#宿主机向docker传输文件
$ docker cp 本地文件的路径 container_id:<docker容器内的路径>

退出docker，输入Crtl+P，然后输入Crtl+q，退出容器，但是不关闭容器。exit退出并关闭容器。
重新进入容器

# 首先查看当前启动的容器id
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e1d32652d058        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            distracted_lamport
# 进入容器
$ docker attach -it 容器ID /bin/bash 

制作自己的docker镜像

$ docker commit e1d32652d058 centos:latest