一种新的走迷宫的方法

 对于走迷宫，人们提出过很多计算机上的解法。深度优先搜索、广度优先搜索是使用最广的方法。

example:

其中黑色是不可以走的，白色可以走的。

#include "stdio.h"
#define M 4

#define N 4

int matrix[N+2][M+2] = {
		{1,1,1,1,1,1},
		{1,0,0,0,1,1},
		{1,0,1,0,0,1},
		{1,0,0,0,1,1},
		{1,1,0,0,0,1},
		{1,1,1,1,1,1}
};

int path[20][2];
//出口坐标
int eX = 4;
int eY = 4;
int sX = 1;//进口坐标
int sY = 1;

int dir[4][2] = {
		{-1,0},//上
		{1,0},//下
		{0,-1},//左
		{0,1}//右
};

int count = 1;
void go (int x,int y) {
		int i;
		path[count][0] = x;
		path[count][1] = y;
		matrix[x][y] = count;
		count++;
		if (x == eX && y == eY) {
				int j;
				printf ("step = %d\n",count-1);
				for (j = 1;j < count;j++) {
						printf ("(%d,%d) ",path[j][0],path[j][1]);
						if (j % 4 == 0) {
								printf ("\n");
						}
				}
				printf ("\n\n");
		}else {
				for (i = 0;i < 4;i++) {
						int newX = x + dir[i][0];
						int newY = y + dir[i][1];
						if (matrix[newX][newY] == 0) {
								go (newX,newY);	
						}
				}
		}
		count--;
		matrix[x][y] = 0;	
}
int main () {
		go (sX,sY);
		return 0;
}

step = 7
(1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (3,2) 
(4,2) (4,3) (4,4) 

step = 7
(1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (3,2) 
(3,3) (4,3) (4,4) 

step = 7
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,3) 
(3,3) (4,3) (4,4) 

step = 9
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,3) 
(3,3) (3,2) (4,2) (4,3) 
(4,4) 

下面的代码则采用了另一种不同的解法。它把走迷宫的过程比做“染色过程”。假设入口点被染为红色，它的颜色会“传染”给与它相邻的可走的单元。这个过程不断进行下去，如果最终出口点被染色，则迷宫有解。

import java.util.*;
 public class Maze
{
	class Cell
	{
		private int row;
		private int col;
		private Cell from;
		
		public Cell(int row, int col, Cell from)
		{
			this.row = row;
			this.col = col;
			this.from = from;
		}
	}
		
	char[][] maze = 
	{{'#','#','#','#','B','#','#','#','#','#','#','#'},
	{'#','#','#','#','.','.','.','.','#','#','#','#'},
	{'#','#','#','#','.','#','#','#','#','.','.','#'},
	{'#','.','.','.','.','#','#','#','#','#','.','#'},
	{'#','.','#','#','#','#','#','.','#','#','.','#'},
	{'#','.','#','#','#','#','#','.','#','#','.','#'},
	{'#','.','#','#','.','.','.','.','.','.','.','#'},
	{'#','.','#','#','.','#','#','#','.','#','.','#'},
	{'#','.','.','.','.','#','#','#','.','#','.','#'},
	{'#','#','.','#','.','#','#','#','.','#','.','A'},
	{'#','#','.','#','#','#','.','.','.','#','#','#'},
	{'#','#','#','#','#','#','#','#','#','#','#','#'}};
	
	public void show()
	{
		for(int i=0; i<maze.length; i++)
		{
			for(int j=0; j<maze[i].length; j++) 
                 System.out.print(" " + maze[i][j]);
			System.out.println();
		}
	}
	
	//把与from集合中相邻的可染色节点染色，被染色节点记入 dest
	//一旦发现出口将被染色，则返回当前的“传播源”节点
	public Cell colorCell(Set<Cell> from, Set<Cell> dest)
	{
		Iterator<Cell> it = from.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext())
		{
			Cell a = it.next();
			Cell[] c = new Cell[4];
			c[0] = new Cell(a.row-1, a.col, a);
			c[1] = new Cell(a.row, a.col-1, a);
			c[2] = new Cell(a.row+1, a.col, a);
			c[3] = new Cell (a.row,a.col + 1,a);//
						
			for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
			{
				if(c[i].row < 0 || c[i].row >= maze.length) continue;
				if(c[i].col < 0 || c[i].col >= maze[0].length) continue;
				
				char x = maze[c[i].row][c[i].col];
				if(x=='B') return  a;
				if(x=='.') 
				{
					maze[c[i].row][c[i].col] = '?';//染色了
					dest.add (c[i]);
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	
	
	public void resolve()
	{
		Set<Cell> set = new HashSet<Cell>();
		  set.add(new Cell(9,11,null));//开始的部分a
		
		for(;;)
		{
			Set<Cell> set1 = new HashSet<Cell>();//被染色的
			Cell a = colorCell(set, set1);
			
			
			if(a!=null)
			{
				System.out.println("找到解！");
				while(a!=null)
				{
					maze[a.row][a.col] = '+';
					a= a.from;
				}
				break;
			}
			if(set1.isEmpty())
			{
				System.out.println("无解！");
				break;
			}
			set = set1;
		}		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Maze m = new Maze();
		m.show();
		m.resolve();
		m.show();	
	}
}

运行的结果是：

 # # # # B # # # # # # #
 # # # # . . . . # # # #
 # # # # . # # # # . . #
 # . . . . # # # # # . #
 # . # # # # # . # # . #
 # . # # # # # . # # . #
 # . # # . . . . . . . #
 # . # # . # # # . # . #
 # . . . . # # # . # . #
 # # . # . # # # . # . A
 # # . # # # . . . # # #
 # # # # # # # # # # # #
找到解！
 # # # # B # # # # # # #
 # # # # + . . . # # # #
 # # # # + # # # # ? ? #
 # + + + + # # # # # ? #
 # + # # # # # ? # # ? #
 # + # # # # # ? # # ? #
 # + # # + + + + + + + #
 # + # # + # # # ? # + #
 # + + + + # # # ? # + #
 # # ? # ? # # # ? # + +
 # # ? # # # ? ? ? # # #
 # # # # # # # # # # # #

A为入口：B为出口！