typedef int s32;
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned long long u64;
typedef long long s64;
实例:
#include "apue.h"
#include <dirent.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
DIR *dp;
struct dirent *dirp;
if(argc!=2)
err_quit("usage:ls directory_name");
if((dp=opendir(argv[1]))==NULL)
err_sys("can't open %s",arg[1]);
while((dirp=readdir(dp))!=NULL)
printf("%s\n",dirp->d_name);
closedir(dp);
exit(0);
}
下面来研究下:
struct __dirstream
{
void *__fd;
char *__data;
int __entry_data;
char *__ptr;
int __entry_ptr;
size_t __allocation;
size_t __size;
__libc_lock_define (, __lock)
};
typedef struct __dirstream DIR;
函数 DIR *opendir(const char *pathname),即打开文件目录,返回的就是指向DIR结构体的指针,而该指针由以下几个函数使用:
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dp);
void rewinddir(DIR *dp);
int closedir(DIR *dp);
long telldir(DIR *dp);
void seekdir(DIR *dp,long loc);
在Linux内核3.7.1中drient.h:
#ifndef _LINUX_DIRENT_H
#define _LINUX_DIRENT_H
struct linux_dirent64 {
u64 d_ino;/* inode number 索引节点号 */
s64 d_off; /* offset to this dirent 在目录文件中的偏移 */
unsigned short d_reclen;/* length of this d_name 文件名长 */
unsigned char d_type;/* the type of d_name 文件类型 */
char d_name[0];/* file name (null-terminated) 文件名,最长255字符 */
};
#endif
apue.h是作者自己写的一个文件,包含了常用的头文件,系统不自带。其中包含了常用的头文件,以及出错处理函数的定义。使用起来确实很方便。
apue.h内容如下:
#ifndef _APUE_H
#define _APUE_H
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */
#include <sys/types.h> /* some systems still require this */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/termios.h> /* for winsize */
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h> /* for convenience */
#include <stdlib.h> /* for convenience */
#include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
#include <string.h> /* for convenience */
#include <unistd.h> /* for convenience */
#include <signal.h> /* for SIG_ERR */
#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */
/*
* Default file access permissions for new files.
*/
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
/*
* Default permissions for new directories.
*/
#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)
typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */
#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)
#endif
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
/*
* Prototypes for our own functions.
*/
char *path_alloc(int *); /* Figure 2.15 */
long open_max(void); /* Figure 2.16 */
void clr_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */
void set_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */
void pr_exit(int); /* Figure 8.5 */
void pr_mask(const char *); /* Figure 10.14 */
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* Figure 10.19 */
int tty_cbreak(int); /* Figure 18.20 */
int tty_raw(int); /* Figure 18.20 */
int tty_reset(int); /* Figure 18.20 */
void tty_atexit(void); /* Figure 18.20 */
#ifdef ECHO /* only if <termios.h> has been included */
struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* Figure 18.20 */
#endif
void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* Exercise 14.6 */
ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */
ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */
void daemonize(const char *); /* Figure 13.1 */
int s_pipe(int *); /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */
int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,
const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */
int send_fd(int, int); /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */
int send_err(int, int,
const char *); /* Figure 17.19 */
int serv_listen(const char *); /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */
int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */
int cli_conn(const char *); /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */
int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,
char **)); /* Figure 17.32 */
int ptym_open(char *, int); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */
int ptys_open(char *); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */
#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,
const struct winsize *); /* Figure 19.11 */
#endif
int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.6 */
#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */
void err_msg(const char *, ...);
void err_quit(const char *, ...);
void err_exit(int, const char *, ...);
void err_ret(const char *, ...);
void err_sys(const char *, ...);
void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */
void log_open(const char *, int, int);
void log_quit(const char *, ...);
void log_ret(const char *, ...);
void log_sys(const char *, ...);
void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */
void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
void WAIT_PARENT(void);
void WAIT_CHILD(void);
#endif /* _APUE_H */
想要使用,还要进行下面操作,完成相关配置.
在http://www.apuebook.com/下载src.tar.gz源代码的压缩包。
1、解压至/home/user/目录下
2、修改 Make.defines.linux中的WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e,为WKDIR=/home/user/apue.2e
3、返回至apue.2e目录下面,修改linux.mk,将里面的nawk全部改为awk,可以使用这个命令 :%s/nawk/awk/g
4、make
5、将/home/user/apue.2e/include/apue.h和/home/user/apue.2e/lib/error.c复制到/usr/include目录下