unix dirent.h

typedef int s32;
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned long long u64;
typedef long long s64;

实例：

#include "apue.h"
#include <dirent.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    DIR *dp;
    struct dirent *dirp;
    if(argc!=2)
          err_quit("usage:ls directory_name");
     if((dp=opendir(argv[1]))==NULL)
         err_sys("can't open %s",arg[1]);
     while((dirp=readdir(dp))!=NULL)
         printf("%s\n",dirp->d_name);
  closedir(dp);
  exit(0);
}

下面来研究下：

struct __dirstream   
   {   
    void *__fd;        
    char *__data;
    int __entry_data;     
    char *__ptr;        
    int __entry_ptr;      
    size_t __allocation;       
    size_t __size;      
    __libc_lock_define (, __lock)    
   }; 
  typedef struct __dirstream DIR;  

函数 DIR *opendir(const char *pathname)，即打开文件目录，返回的就是指向DIR结构体的指针，而该指针由以下几个函数使用:

struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dp);   
  
void rewinddir(DIR *dp);   
  
int closedir(DIR *dp);   
  
long telldir(DIR *dp);   
  
void seekdir(DIR *dp,long loc);  

在Linux内核3.7.1中drient.h:

#ifndef _LINUX_DIRENT_H
#define _LINUX_DIRENT_H

struct linux_dirent64 {
	u64		d_ino;/* inode number 索引节点号 */
	s64		d_off; /* offset to this dirent 在目录文件中的偏移 */  
	unsigned short	d_reclen;/* length of this d_name 文件名长 */  
	unsigned char	d_type;/* the type of d_name 文件类型 */  
	char		d_name[0];/* file name (null-terminated) 文件名，最长255字符 */  
};

#endif

apue.h是作者自己写的一个文件，包含了常用的头文件，系统不自带。其中包含了常用的头文件，以及出错处理函数的定义。使用起来确实很方便。

apue.h内容如下：

#ifndef _APUE_H     
#define _APUE_H     
    
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE   600  /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */     
    
#include <sys/types.h>       /* some systems still require this */     
#include <sys/stat.h>     
#include <sys/termios.h>     /* for winsize */     
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ     
#include <sys/ioctl.h>     
#endif     
#include <stdio.h>     /* for convenience */     
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <stddef.h>    /* for offsetof */     
#include <string.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <unistd.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <signal.h>    /* for SIG_ERR */     
    
    
#define MAXLINE 4096               /* max line length */     
    
/*  
 * Default file access permissions for new files.  
 */    
#define FILE_MODE   (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)     
    
/*  
 * Default permissions for new directories.  
 */    
#define DIR_MODE    (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)     
    
typedef void   Sigfunc(int);   /* for signal handlers */    
    
#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)     
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)     
#endif     
    
#define min(a,b)     ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))     
#define max(a,b)     ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))     
    
/*  
 * Prototypes for our own functions.  
 */    
char    *path_alloc(int *);              /* Figure 2.15 */    
long     open_max(void);                 /* Figure 2.16 */    
void     clr_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */    
void     set_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */    
void     pr_exit(int);                   /* Figure 8.5 */    
void     pr_mask(const char *);          /* Figure 10.14 */    
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);    /* Figure 10.19 */    
    
int      tty_cbreak(int);                /* Figure 18.20 */    
int      tty_raw(int);                   /* Figure 18.20 */    
int      tty_reset(int);                 /* Figure 18.20 */    
void     tty_atexit(void);               /* Figure 18.20 */    
#ifdef  ECHO    /* only if <termios.h>  has been included */     
struct termios  *tty_termios(void);      /* Figure 18.20 */    
#endif     
    
void     sleep_us(unsigned int);             /* Exercise 14.6 */    
ssize_t  readn(int, void *, size_t);         /* Figure 14.29 */    
ssize_t  writen(int, const void *, size_t);  /* Figure 14.29 */    
void     daemonize(const char *);            /* Figure 13.1 */    
    
int      s_pipe(int *);                 /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */    
int      recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,    
                 const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */    
int      send_fd(int, int);             /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */    
int      send_err(int, int,    
                  const char *);        /* Figure 17.19 */    
int      serv_listen(const char *);     /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */    
int      serv_accept(int, uid_t *);     /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */    
    
int      cli_conn(const char *);        /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */    
int      buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,    
                  char **));            /* Figure 17.32 */    
    
int      ptym_open(char *, int);    /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */    
int      ptys_open(char *);         /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */    
#ifdef  TIOCGWINSZ     
pid_t    pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,    
                  const struct winsize *);      /* Figure 19.11 */    
#endif     
    
int     lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */    
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \    
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
    
pid_t   lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);     /* Figure 14.6 */    
    
#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)    
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \     
            (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)    
    
void    err_dump(const char *, ...);        /* Appendix B */    
void    err_msg(const char *, ...);    
void    err_quit(const char *, ...);    
void    err_exit(int, const char *, ...);    
void    err_ret(const char *, ...);    
void    err_sys(const char *, ...);    
    
void    log_msg(const char *, ...);         /* Appendix B */    
void    log_open(const char *, int, int);    
void    log_quit(const char *, ...);    
void    log_ret(const char *, ...);    
void    log_sys(const char *, ...);    
    
void    TELL_WAIT(void);        /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */    
void    TELL_PARENT(pid_t);    
void    TELL_CHILD(pid_t);    
void    WAIT_PARENT(void);    
void    WAIT_CHILD(void);    
    
#endif  /* _APUE_H */  

    想要使用，还要进行下面操作，完成相关配置.
  在http://www.apuebook.com/下载src.tar.gz源代码的压缩包。
   1、解压至/home/user/目录下
   2、修改 Make.defines.linux中的WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e，为WKDIR=/home/user/apue.2e
   3、返回至apue.2e目录下面，修改linux.mk，将里面的nawk全部改为awk，可以使用这个命令 ：%s/nawk/awk/g 
   4、make
   5、将/home/user/apue.2e/include/apue.h和/home/user/apue.2e/lib/error.c复制到/usr/include目录下