yum工具使用

1.挂载光盘

  • 命令名称:mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

作用:挂载光盘,将光盘挂载到mnt下面

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt
addons            GPL       media.repo               RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI               images    Packages                 TRANS.TBL
EULA              isolinux  repodata
extra_files.json  LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
  • 命令名称: umount /mnt

作用:取消挂载

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt

  • 命令名称:ls /etc/yum.repos.d

作用:查看yum源库

实例:
···
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d
CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo

···

  • 命令名称:vi /etc/yum.conf

作用:为所有仓库提供公共配置

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release


#  This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
# is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
# download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
# information.
#  It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
# Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
# manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this).
# metadata_expire=90m

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d
"/etc/yum.conf" 26L, 970C

2.yum本地仓库

  • 命令名称: cp -r /mnt/* /opt/myrepo/

作用:将/mnt挂载的目录复制到/opt/myrepo下面

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/myrepo
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /opt/myrepo/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/myrepo/
addons            GPL       media.repo               RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI               images    Packages                 TRANS.TBL
EULA              isolinux  repodata
extra_files.json  LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta

  • 命令名称:vi /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo

作用:配置repo文件

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo  redhat.repo
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo 
[myrepo]
name=myrepo
baseurl=file:///opt/myrepo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
  • 命令名称:yum clean all

作用:清理缓存

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: base epel extras myrepo updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

  • 命令名称: ls /var/cache/yum/

作用:查看缓存目录

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/
x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/
$releasever
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/\$releasever/
base  epel  extras  myrepo  timedhosts  updates

3.redhat7使用centos7的yum源步骤

1.卸载红帽yum源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e $(rpm -qa|grep yum) --nodeps

2.删除所有repo相关文件
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum

3.下载centos相关yum组件
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-cron-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm

//如果没有wget命令则使用curl命令
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-cron-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm   https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm

3.安装所有相关组件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* --nodeps

4.下载base和epel仓库
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's#\$releasever#7#g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 

4.安装软件包

命令名称: yum -y install vsftpd

作用:安装是自动回答yes

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                      | 5.4 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
myrepo                                                    | 4.1 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/9): epel/x86_64/group_gz                               |  88 kB  00:00:00     
(2/9): base/x86_64/group_gz                               | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(3/9): myrepo/group_gz                                    | 137 kB  00:00:00     
(4/9): myrepo/primary_db                                  | 4.0 MB  00:00:00     
(5/9): extras/x86_64/primary_db                           | 152 kB  00:00:00     
(6/9): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                             | 1.0 MB  00:00:01     
(7/9): updates/x86_64/primary_db                          | 1.1 MB  00:00:01     
(8/9): base/x86_64/primary_db                             | 6.0 MB  00:00:02     
(9/9): epel/x86_64/primary_db                             | 6.8 MB  00:00:04     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-25.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=================================================================================
 Package          架构             版本                     源              大小
=================================================================================
正在安装:
 vsftpd           x86_64           3.0.2-25.el7             base           171 k

事务概要
=================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量:171 k
安装大小:353 k
Downloading packages:
警告:/var/cache/yum/x86_64/$releasever/base/packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm                            | 171 kB  00:00:00     
从 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 用户ID     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 指纹       : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 来自       : http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告:RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
** 发现 2 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题, 'yum check' 输出如下:
rhn-check-2.0.2-17.el7.noarch 有缺少的需求 yum-rhn-plugin >= ('0', '1.6.4', '1')
yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 有缺少的需求 python-kitchen
  正在安装    : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                   1/1 
myrepo/productid                                          | 1.6 kB  00:00:00     
  验证中      : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                   1/1 

已安装:
  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                 
  • 命令名称:yum list all

作用:列出仓库所有列表

实例:

root@localhost ~]# yum list all
valadoc-devel.x86_64                      0.40.8-1.el7                    base   
valgrind.i686                             1:3.14.0-16.el7                 base   
valgrind.x86_64                           1:3.14.0-16.el7                 base   
valgrind-devel.i686                       1:3.14.0-16.el7                 base   
valgrind-devel.x86_64                     1:3.14.0-16.el7                 base   
valgrind-openmpi.x86_64                   1:3.14.0-16.el7                 base   
vamp-plugin-sdk.x86_64                    2.5-4.el7                       epel   
vamp-plugin-sdk-devel.x86_64              2.5-4.el7                       epel   
vamp-plugin-sdk-static.x86_64             2.5-4.el7                       epel   
vanessa_adt.x86_64                        0.0.9-1.el7                     epel   
vanessa_adt-devel.x86_64                  0.0.9-1.el7                     epel   
vanessa_logger.x86_64                     0.0.10-2.el7                    epel   
vanessa_logger-devel.x86_64               0.0.10-2.el7                    epel   
vanessa_logger-sample.x86_64              0.0.10-2.el7                    epel   
vanessa_socket.x86_64                     0.0.12-3.el7                    epel   
vanessa_socket-devel.x86_64               0.0.12-3.el7                    epel   
vanessa_socket-pipe.x86_64                0.0.12-3.el7                    epel   
varnish.x86_64                            4.0.5-1.el7                     epel   
varnish-docs.x86_64                       4.0.5-1.el7                     epel   
varnish-libs.x86_64                       4.0.5-1.el7                     epel   
varnish-libs-devel.x86_64                 4.0.5-1.el7                     epel   
vcftools.x86_64                           0.1.16-1.el7                    epel   
vconfig.x86_64                            1.9-16.el7                      epel   
vdo.x86_64                                6.1.2.41-4.el7                  base   
vdpauinfo.x86_64                          0.9-0.1.el7                     epel   
velocity.noarch                           1.7-10.el7                      base   
velocity-demo.noarch                      1.7-10.el7                      base   
velocity-javadoc.noarch                   1.7-10.el7                      base   
velocity-manual.noarch                    1.7-10.el7                      base   
vemana2000-fonts.noarch                   1.1.3-6.el7                     base   
verilator.x86_64                          3.922-1.el7                     epel  ```

5.常用的command

  • 命令名称:yum list available

作用:列出仓库中有但尚未安装的包

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum list available
zmap.x86_64                               2.1.1-1.el7                     epel   
znc.x86_64                                1.7.4-4.el7                     epel   
znc-devel.x86_64                          1.7.4-4.el7                     epel   
znc-modperl.x86_64                        1.7.4-4.el7                     epel   
znc-modpython.x86_64                      1.7.4-4.el7                     epel   
znc-modtcl.x86_64                         1.7.4-4.el7                     epel   
zopfli.x86_64                             1.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zsh.x86_64                                5.0.2-33.el7                    base   
zsh-html.x86_64                           5.0.2-33.el7                    base   
zsh-lovers.noarch                         0.9.0-1.el7                     epel   
zstd.x86_64                               1.4.2-1.el7                     epel   
zulucrypt.x86_64                          5.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zulucrypt-console.x86_64                  5.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zulucrypt-devel.x86_64                    5.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zulucrypt-doc.noarch                      5.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zulucrypt-libs.x86_64                     5.0.1-1.el7                     epel   
zvbi.x86_64                               0.2.35-1.el7                    epel   
zvbi-devel.x86_64                         0.2.35-1.el7                    epel   
zvbi-fonts.noarch                         0.2.35-1.el7                    epel   
zziplib.i686                              0.13.62-11.el7                  base   
zziplib.x86_64                            0.13.62-11.el7                  base   
zziplib-devel.i686                        0.13.62-11.el7                  base   
zziplib-devel.x86_64                      0.13.62-11.el7                  base   
zziplib-utils.x86_64                      0.13.62-11.el7                  base   
  • 命令名称: yum list installed

作用:列出已经安装的包

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
已安装的软件包
GeoIP.x86_64                             1.5.0-11.el7               @anaconda/7.4
NetworkManager.x86_64                    1:1.8.0-9.el7              @anaconda/7.4
NetworkManager-config-server.noarch      1:1.8.0-9.el7              @anaconda/7.4
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64              1:1.8.0-9.el7              @anaconda/7.4
NetworkManager-team.x86_64               1:1.8.0-9.el7              @anaconda/7.4
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64                1:1.8.0-9.el7              @anaconda/7.4
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux-Release_Notes-7-en-US.noarch
                                         7-2.el7                    @anaconda/7.4
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux-Release_Notes-7-zh-CN.noarch
                                         7-2.2.el7                  @anaconda/7.4
acl.x86_64                               2.2.51-12.el7              @anaconda/7.4
aic94xx-firmware.noarch                  30-6.el7                   @anaconda/7.4
alsa-firmware.noarch                     1.0.28-2.el7               @anaconda/7.4
alsa-lib.x86_64                          1.1.3-3.el7                @anaconda/7.4
alsa-tools-firmware.x86_64               1.1.0-1.el7                @anaconda/7.4
audit.x86_64                             2.7.6-3.el7                @anaconda/7.4
audit-libs.x86_64                        2.7.6-3.el7                @anaconda/7.4
authconfig.x86_64                        6.2.8-30.el7               @anaconda/7.4
basesystem.noarch                        10.0-7.el7                 @anaconda/7.4
bash.x86_64                              4.2.46-28.el7              @anaconda/7.4
bind-libs-lite.x86_64                    32:9.9.4-50.el7            @anaconda/7.4
bind-license.noarch                      32:9.9.4-50.el7            @anaconda/7.4
binutils.x86_64                          2.25.1-31.base.el7         @anaconda/7.4
biosdevname.x86_64                       0.7.2-2.el7                @anaconda/7.4
btrfs-progs.x86_64                       4.9.1-1.el7                @anaconda/7.4
bzip2.x86_64                             1.0.6-13.el7               installed    
  • 命令名称:yum list updates

作用:列出可用的升级的包

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum list updates
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
更新的软件包
GeoIP.x86_64                            1.5.0-14.el7                      base   
NetworkManager.x86_64                   1:1.18.0-5.el7_7.1                updates
NetworkManager-config-server.noarch     1:1.18.0-5.el7_7.1                updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64             1:1.18.0-5.el7_7.1                updates
NetworkManager-team.x86_64              1:1.18.0-5.el7_7.1                updates
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64               1:1.18.0-5.el7_7.1                updates
acl.x86_64                              2.2.51-14.el7                     base   
alsa-lib.x86_64                         1.1.8-1.el7                       base   
audit.x86_64                            2.8.5-4.el7                       base   
audit-libs.x86_64                       2.8.5-4.el7                       base   
basesystem.noarch                       10.0-7.el7.centos                 base   
bash.x86_64                             4.2.46-33.el7                     base   
bind-libs-lite.x86_64                   32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7                base   
bind-license.noarch                     32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7                base   
binutils.x86_64                         2.27-41.base.el7                  base   
biosdevname.x86_64                      0.7.3-2.el7                       base   
ca-certificates.noarch                  2018.2.22-70.0.el7_5              base   
chrony.x86_64                           3.4-1.el7                         base   
coreutils.x86_64                        8.22-24.el7                       base   
cpio.x86_64                             2.11-27.el7                       base   
cronie.x86_64                           1.4.11-23.el7                     base   
cronie-anacron.x86_64                   1.4.11-23.el7                     base   
cryptsetup-libs.x86_64                  2.0.3-5.el7                       base   
curl.x86_64                             7.29.0-54.el7                     base   
cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64                   2.1.26-23.el7                     base   
dbus.x86_64                             1:1.10.24-13.el7_6                base   
dbus-libs.x86_64                        1:1.10.24-13.el7_6                base   
desktop-file-utils.x86_64               0.23-2.el7                        base   
device-mapper.x86_64                    7:1.02.158-2.el7                  base   
device-mapper-event.x86_64              7:1.02.158-2.el7                  base   
device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64         7:1.02.158-2.el7                  base   
device-mapper-libs.x86_64               7:1.02.158-2.el7                  base   
  • 命令名称: yum repolist

作用:列出yum源可用的软件仓库

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识               源名称                                                状态
base/x86_64          CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                  10,097
epel/x86_64          Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64        13,415
extras/x86_64        CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                   304
myrepo               myrepo                                                 4,986
updates/x86_64       CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                  319
repolist: 29,121

  • 命令名称:yum repolist all

作用:显示yum源可用和禁用的仓库

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识                源名称                                         状态
base/x86_64           CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com           启用: 10,097
centosplus/x86_64     CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com           禁用
contrib/x86_64        CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com        禁用
epel/x86_64           Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 启用: 13,415
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 禁用
epel-source           Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 禁用
extras/x86_64         CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com         启用:    304
myrepo                myrepo                                         启用:  4,986
updates/x86_64        CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com        启用:    319
repolist: 29,121

  • 命令名称: yum clean packages

作用:清空包缓存

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean packages
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: base epel extras myrepo updates
0 package 文件已移除

  • 命令名称:yum remove -y vsftpd

作用:卸载vsftpd

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y vsftpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-25.el7 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=========================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                    架构                                       版本                                              源                                         大小
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
正在删除:
 vsftpd                                     x86_64                                     3.0.2-25.el7                                      @base                                     353 k

事务概要
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
移除  1 软件包

安装大小:353 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在删除    : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                           1/1 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  验证中      : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                           1/1 

删除:
  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                                                                                                                                           

完毕!

  • 命令名称:yum provides *bin/wget

作用: 查看指定的文件或特性是由哪个包安装生成的

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum provides *bin/wget
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
wget-1.14-15.el7.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP
                        : protocols
源    :myrepo
匹配来源:
文件名    :/usr/bin/wget



wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or
                            : FTP protocols
源    :base
匹配来源:
文件名    :/usr/bin/wget



wget-1.14-15.el7.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP
                        : protocols
源    :installed
匹配来源:
文件名    :/usr/bin/wget
  • 命令名称: yum search httpd

作用:搜索关于httpd的包

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum search httpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
============================== N/S matched: httpd ===============================
dmlite-apache-httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTPD frontend for dmlite
iipsrv-httpd-fcgi.noarch : Apache HTTPD files for iipsrv
keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as
                                     : Keycloak client
libmicrohttpd-devel.i686 : Development files for libmicrohttpd
libmicrohttpd-devel.x86_64 : Development files for libmicrohttpd
libmicrohttpd-doc.noarch : Documentation for libmicrohttpd
lighttpd-fastcgi.x86_64 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP
                        : configuration
lighttpd-mod_authn_gssapi.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses
                                 : GSSAPI
lighttpd-mod_authn_mysql.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses a
                                : MySQL database
lighttpd-mod_authn_pam.x86_64 : Authentication module for lighttpd that uses PAM
lighttpd-mod_geoip.x86_64 : GeoIP module for lighttpd to use for location lookups
lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a
                                : MySQL database
nextcloud-httpd.noarch : Httpd integration for NextCloud
owncloud-httpd.noarch : Httpd integration for ownCloud
python2-keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as
                                             : Keycloak client
radicale-httpd.noarch : httpd config for Radicale
sympa-lighttpd.x86_64 : Sympa with lighttpd
darkhttpd.x86_64 : A secure, lightweight, fast, single-threaded HTTP/1.1 server
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-itk.x86_64 : MPM Itk for Apache HTTP Server
httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server

  • 命令名称:yum deplist httpd

作用:查看包的依赖关系

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum deplist httpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
软件包:httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos
   依赖:/bin/sh
   provider: bash.x86_64 4.2.46-33.el7
   依赖:/etc/mime.types
   provider: mailcap.noarch 2.1.41-2.el7
   依赖:/usr/sbin/groupadd
   provider: shadow-utils.x86_64 2:4.6-5.el7
   依赖:/usr/sbin/useradd
   provider: shadow-utils.x86_64 2:4.6-5.el7
   依赖:httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos
   provider: httpd-tools.x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos
   依赖:libapr-1.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: apr.x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7
   依赖:libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: apr-util.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7
   依赖:libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libcrypt.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libdb-5.3.so()(64bit)
   provider: libdb.x86_64 5.3.21-25.el7
   依赖:libdl.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libexpat.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: expat.x86_64 2.1.0-10.el7_3
   依赖:liblua-5.1.so()(64bit)
   provider: lua.x86_64 5.1.4-15.el7
   依赖:libm.so.6()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libpcre.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: pcre.x86_64 8.32-17.el7
   依赖:libpthread.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:libselinux.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: libselinux.x86_64 2.5-14.1.el7
   依赖:libsystemd-daemon.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: systemd-libs.x86_64 219-67.el7_7.1
   依赖:libsystemd-daemon.so.0(LIBSYSTEMD_DAEMON_31)(64bit)
   provider: systemd-libs.x86_64 219-67.el7_7.1
   依赖:libz.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7
   依赖:rtld(GNU_HASH)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-292.el7
   provider: glibc.i686 2.17-292.el7
   依赖:system-logos >= 7.92.1-1
   provider: redhat-logos.noarch 70.0.3-6.el7
   provider: centos-logos.noarch 70.0.6-3.el7.centos
   依赖:systemd-units
   provider: systemd.x86_64 219-67.el7_7.1

  • 命令名称:查看历史事务信息

作用:yum history

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum history
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID     | 登录用户                 | 日期和时间       | 操作           | 变更数 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     3 | root <root>              | 2019-09-28 17:02 | Erase          |    1   
     2 | root <root>              | 2019-09-28 16:34 | Install        |    1 P<
     1 | 系统 <空>                | 2019-09-14 00:17 | Install        |  340 > 
history list

  • 命令名称:yum grouplist

作用:列出可用的包组

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
没有安装组信息文件
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可用的环境分组:
   最小安装
   基础设施服务器
   计算节点
   文件及打印服务器
   Cinnamon 桌面环境
   MATE 桌面环境
   基本网页服务器
   虚拟化主机
   带 GUI 的服务器
   GNOME 桌面
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   开发及生成工作站
可用组:
   Cinnamon
   Fedora Packager
   Haskell
   MATE
   Milkymist
   TurboGears 应用程序构架
   Xfce
   传统 UNIX 兼容性
   兼容性程序库
   图形管理工具
   安全性工具
   开发工具
   控制台互联网工具
   教育软件
   智能卡支持
   电子实验室
   科学记数法支持
   系统管理
   系统管理工具
   通用桌面

  • 命令名称:yum makecache

作用:创建元数据缓存

实例:

[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                      | 5.4 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
myrepo                                                    | 4.1 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/10): epel/x86_64/prestodelta                           | 2.3 kB  00:00:00     
(2/10): base/x86_64/other_db                              | 2.6 MB  00:00:06     
(3/10): epel/x86_64/filelists_db                          |  12 MB  00:00:10     
(4/10): myrepo/other_db                                   | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     
extras/x86_64/other_db         FAILED                                          
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/1f4b7c95a68d523c8ac486be0e2f024dacbc1efb0a570545c32bbf3f5f4b80be-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Name or service not known"
正在尝试其它镜像。
(5/10): epel/x86_64/other_db                              | 3.3 MB  00:00:10     
(6/10): extras/x86_64/filelists_db                        | 207 kB  00:00:01     
(7/10): updates/x86_64/other_db                           | 124 kB  00:00:00     
(8/10): extras/x86_64/other_db                            | 100 kB  00:00:00     
(9/10): updates/x86_64/filelists_db                       | 1.1 MB  00:00:01     
(10/10): epel/x86_64/updateinfo_zck                       | 1.5 MB  00:00:02     
元数据缓存已建立

作业:

1.如何配置本地光盘yum仓库以及网络yum仓库
配置本地光盘yum仓库:

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/myrepo
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /opt/myrepo/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/myrepo/
addons            GPL       media.repo               RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI               images    Packages                 TRANS.TBL
EULA              isolinux  repodata
extra_files.json  LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo  redhat.repo
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo 
[myrepo]
name=myrepo
baseurl=file:///opt/myrepo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

配置网络仓库:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS.repo 
[CentOS]
name=CentOS.repo
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

2.如何使用yum安装 httpd php nginx
安装httpd:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                      | 5.4 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
myrepo                                                    | 4.1 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-90.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要

安装php

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install php
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 php.x86_64.0.5.4.16-46.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.el7,它被软件包 php-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 php-cli(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.el7,它被软件包 php-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 php-cli.x86_64.0.5.4.16-46.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php-common.x86_64.0.5.4.16-46.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libzip.so.2()(64bit),它被软件包 php-common-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务

安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nginx
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.12.2-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-3.el7,它被软件包 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-3.el7,它被软件包 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem,它被软件包 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libprofiler.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 1:nginx-1.12.2-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 gperftools-libs.x86_64.0.2.6.1-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 nginx-all-modules.noarch.1.1.12.2-3.el7 将被 安装

3.如何配置yum缓存rpm包(至少阐述两种方式)
第一种:

vim /etc/yum.conf
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever   //缓存目录
keepcache=1     //缓存软件包, 1启动 0 关闭
debuglevel=2    //调试级别
logfile=/var/log/yum.log    //日志记录位置
exactarch=1     //检查平台是否兼容
obsoletes=1     //检查包是否废弃
gpgcheck=1      //检查来源是否合法,需要有制作者的公钥信息
plugins=1       //是否启用插件
tolerant={1|0}  //容错功能,1为开启,0为关闭,当设为0时,如果用yum安装多个软件包且其中某个软件包已经安装过就会报错;当设为1时,当要安装的软件已经安装时自动忽略
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url
# metadata_expire=90m //每小时手动检查元数据
# in /etc/yum.repos.d   //包含repos.d目录 

第二种:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt/ httpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                      | 5.4 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
myrepo                                                    | 4.1 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/9): epel/x86_64/group_gz                               |  88 kB  00:00:00     
(2/9): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                             | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
(3/9): myrepo/group_gz                                    | 137 kB  00:00:00     
(4/9): myrepo/primary_db                                  | 4.0 MB  00:00:00     
(5/9): base/x86_64/group_gz                               | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(6/9): updates/x86_64/primary_db                          | 1.1 MB  00:00:00     
(7/9): extras/x86_64/primary_db                           | 152 kB  00:00:00     
(8/9): base/x86_64/primar 64% [==========      ] 1.5 MB/s |  13 MB  00:00:04 ETA 
(8/9): epel/x86_64/primary_db                             | 6.8 MB  00:00:03     
(9/9): base/x86_64/primary_db                             | 6.0 MB  00:00:04     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-90.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7

4.如何使用yum安装本地缓存好的rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall /opt/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在检查 /opt/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
/opt/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-90.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types,它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务

5.如何使用yum删除httpd软件包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove httpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-90.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664,它被软件包 php-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 php.x86_64.0.5.4.16-46.el7 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=================================================================================
 Package       架构           版本                           源             大小
=================================================================================
正在删除:
 httpd         x86_64         2.4.6-90.el7.centos            @base         9.4 M
为依赖而移除:
 php           x86_64         5.4.16-46.el7                  @base         4.4 M

事务概要
=================================================================================
移除  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)

安装大小:14 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在删除    : php-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64                                     1/2 
  正在删除    : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                             2/2 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  验证中      : php-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64                                     1/2 
  验证中      : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                             2/2 

删除:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos                                             

作为依赖被删除:
  php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.el7                                                     
完毕!

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