sysctl使用方法的变化

内核版本：3.6

Author：zhangskd @ csdn blog

Change

在v3.4中包含一个patch，提交者Eric W. Biederman描述如下：

Rewrite of sysctl for speed and charity.

Insert/remove/Lookup in sysctl are now O(NlogN) operations, and are no longer bottlenecks in the

process of adding and removing network devices.

sysctl is now focused on being a filesystem instead of system call and the code can be found in

fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c. Hopefully this means the code is now approachable.

可见sysctl的实现发生了较大的变化。

但是这对sysctl的使用有什么影响呢？再来看另一个相关patch：

sysctl: Add register_sysctl for normal sysctl users

The plan is to convert all callers of register_sysctl_table and register_sysctl_paths to register_sysctl.

The interface to register_sysctl is enough nicer. This should make the callers a bit more readable.

Additionally after the conversion the 230 lines of backwards compatibility can be removed.

可见sysctl的注册函数发生了变化，现在是：

/**
 * register_sysctl - register a sysctl table
 * @path: The path to the directory the sysctl table is in.
 * @table: the table structure
 *
 * Register a sysctl table. @table should be a filled in ctl_table array.
 * A completely 0 filled entry terminates the table.
 *
 * See __register_sysctl_table for more details.
 */

struct ctl_table_header *register_sysctl (const char *path, struct ctl_table *table);

之前的注册函数为：

struct ctl_table_header *register_sysctl_table (struct ctl_table *table);

也就是说现在可以通过注册函数来指定注册的路径，更加方便了。

 

注销函数不变：

/**
 * unregister_sysctl_table - unregister a sysctl table hierarchy
 * @header: the header returned from register_sysctl_table
 *
 * Unregisters the sysctl table and all children. proc entires may not actually
 * be removed until they are no longer used by anyone.
 */
void unregister_sysctl_table (struct ctl_table_header *header);

 

structure

 

现在的ctl_table：

@include/linux/sysctl.h

/* A sysctl table is an array of struct ctl_table: */
struct ctl_table
{
    const char *procname; /* Text ID for /proc/sys, or zero，文件名 */
    void * data;
    int maxlen;
    umode_t mode;
    struct ctl_table *child; /* Deprecated */
    proc_handler *proc_handler; /* Callback for text formatting，读写操作函数 */
    struct ctl_table_poll *poll;
    void *extra1; /*  变量的最小值min */
    void *extra2; /* 变量的最大值max */
}

proc_handler的常用取值：

proc_dointvec      /* 读写一个包含一个或多个整数的数组*/

proc_dostring      /* 读写一个字符串*/

proc_dointvec_minmax    /* 写的数组必须在min~max范围内*/

一个instance：

@net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c

static struct ctl_table ipv4_table[] = {
    ...
    {
        .procname = "tcp_congestion_control",
        .mode = 0644;
        .maxlen = TCP_CA_NAME_MAX,
        .proc_handler = proc_tcp_congestion_control,
    },
    ...
    {
        .procname = "tcp_early_retrans",
        .data = &sysctl_tcp_early_retrans,
        .maxlen = sizeof(int),
        .mode = 0644,
        .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
        .extra1 = &zero,
        .extra2 = &two,
    },
    ...
};

这些选项的简要说明在：Documentation/networking/ipv4/*

这些选项的定义在：net/ipv4/tcp_input.c

 

command

 

sysctl — configure kernel parameters at runtime

sysctl is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those listed under /proc/sys/.

Procfs is required for sysctl support in Linux. You can use sysctl to both read and write sysctl data.

使用：

sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control  // read

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = "cubic"  // write

 

example

 

这是新的使用方法示例：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

static char path[] = "net/test";
static int zero = 0;
static int two = 2;
int sysctl_tcp_new;

static struct ctl_table_header *header;

static struct ctl_table new[] = {
	{
		.procname = "tcp_new",
		.data = &sysctl_tcp_new,
		.maxlen = sizeof(int),
		.mode = 0644,
		.proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
		.extra1 = &zero,
		.extra2 = &two
	},
	{ }
};

static int __init sysctl_module_init(void)
{
	header = register_sysctl(path, new);
	if(!header) {
		printk(KERN_ERR"register_sysctl() failed.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void __exit sysctl_module_exit(void)
{
	if(header)
		unregister_sysctl_table(header);
}

module_init(sysctl_module_init);
module_exit(sysctl_module_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("zhangsk");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

模块加载时，就自动创建目录/proc/sys/net/test/，并在其下创建文件tcp_new，取值可为0、1或2。

模块卸载时，此目录则会被删除，当然这是在没人使用了之后。

 

这是旧的使用方法示例：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>

static int zero = 0;
static int two = 2;
int sysctl_tcp_new;

static struct ctl_table_header *header;

static struct ctl_table my_table[] = {
        {
                .procname = "tcp_new",
                .data = &sysctl_tcp_new,
                .maxlen = sizeof(int),
                .mode = 0644,
                .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
                .extra1 = &zero,
                .extra2 = &two, },
        {},
};

static struct ctl_table test_dir_table[] = {
        {
                .procname = "test",
                .mode = 0555,
                .child = my_table,
        },
        {},
};

static struct ctl_table net_dir_table[] = {
        {
                .procname = "net",
                .mode = 0555,
                .child = test_dir_table,
        },
        {},
};

static int __init sysctl_module_init(void)
{
        header = register_sysctl_table(net_dir_table);
        if(!header) {
                printk(KERN_ERR"register_sysctl_table() failed.\n");
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static void __exit sysctl_module_exit(void)
{
        if(header)
                unregister_sysctl_table(header);
}

module_init(sysctl_module_init);
module_exit(sysctl_module_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("zhangsk");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");