栈的基本操作和栈的面试题

栈的基本操作:

头文件“Stack.h”

# pragma once
# include "Stack.h"
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <assert.h>
# include <string.h>
# define maxsize 100
typedef char DataType;
typedef struct Stack
{
	DataType array[maxsize];
	int top;
}stack;
//初始化
void InitStack(stack *p);
//销毁
void Destory(stack *p);
//判断是否为空
int IsEmpty(stack *p);
//压栈
void Push(stack *p, DataType data);
//出栈
void Pop(stack *p);
//返回栈顶的值
DataType Top(stack *p);
//栈的大小
int StackSize(stack *p);
//显示
void  Show(stack *p);
//测试
void StackTest();

Stack.c文件

# include "Stack.h"

//初始化
void InitStack(stack *p)
{
	assert(p);
	p->top = 0;
}
//销毁
void Destory(stack *p)
{
	assert(p);
	p->top = 0;
}
//判断是否为空
int IsEmpty(stack *p)
{
	return p->top == 0 ? 1 : 0;
}
//压栈
void Push(stack *p, DataType data)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->top >= maxsize)
		printf("栈溢出\n");
	p->array[p->top++] = data;
}
//出栈
void Pop(stack *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->top == 0)
	{
		printf("栈为空\n");
		return;
	}
	p->top--;
}
//返回栈顶的值
DataType Top(stack *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->top == 0)
		printf("栈为空\n");
	return p->array[--(p->top)];
}
//返回栈顶的值
DataType GetTop(stack *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->top == 0)
		printf("栈为空\n");
	return p->array[p->top - 1];
}
//栈的大小
int StackSize(stack *p)
{
	return p->top;
}
//显示
void  Show(stack *p)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (; i < p->top; i++)
		printf("%d ", p->array[i]);
	printf("\n");
}
//测试
void StackTest()
{
	stack s;
	InitStack(&s);
	Push(&s, 1);
	Push(&s, 2);
	Push(&s, 3);
	Push(&s, 4);
	Push(&s, 5);
	Show(&s);
	DataType a = Top(&s);
	printf("%d\n", a);
	Show(&s);
	
}

test.c 文件

# include "Stack.h"

int main()
{
	StackTest();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

面试题

1.括号匹配问题

//括号匹配问题
void Match(char *a)
{
	stack s;
	InitStack(&s);//初始化栈
	char c;
	int i= 0, b = 1;//b用来标记是否匹配
	while ( b == 1)
	{
		if (a[i] == '\0')
			break;
		if (a[i] == '(' || a[i] == '[' || a[i] == '{')
			Push(&s, a[i]);
		else if (a[i] == ')')
		{
			c = Top(&s);
			if (c != '(')
			  b = 0;
		}
		else if (a[i] == ']')
		{
			c = Top(&s);
			if (c != '[')
			   b = 0;
		}
		else if (a[i] == '}')
		{
			c = Top(&s);
			if (c != '{')
			   b = 0;
		}
		i++;
	}
	if (b&&IsEmpty(&s))
		printf("匹配\n");
	else
		printf("不匹配\n");
}

2.最小栈

头文件MiniStack.h

# pragma once
# include "MinStack1.h"
# include "Stack.h"
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>

typedef int ElemType1;
//用一个栈
typedef struct MinStack1
{
	stack data;
}MinStack1;

//初始化
void MinInit(MinStack1 *p);
//销毁
void MinDestory(MinStack1 *p);
//入栈
void MinPush(MinStack1 *p, ElemType1 data);
//出栈
void MinPop(MinStack1 *p);
//返回栈顶的值
ElemType1 MinTop(MinStack1 *p);
//返回最小值
ElemType1 Min(MinStack1 *p);
MiniStack.c文件:
# include "MinStack1.h"

//初始化
void MinInit1(MinStack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	InitStack(&(p->data));
}
//销毁
void MinDestory1(MinStack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	Destory(&(p->data));
}
//入栈
void MinPush1(MinStack1 *p, ElemType1 data)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	DataType a, min;//a存放栈的值 min存放最小值
	if (IsEmpty(&(p->data)))
	{
		a = data;
		min = data;
		Push(&(p->data), a);
		Push(&(p->data), min);
	}
	else
	{
		if (data < GetTop(&(p->data)))
		{
			min = data;
			a = data;
			Push(&(p->data), a);
			Push(&(p->data), min);
		}
		else
		{
			min = GetTop(&(p->data));
			a = data;
			Push(&(p->data), a);
			Push(&(p->data), min);
		}
	}
}
//出栈
void MinPop1(MinStack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->data.top == 0)
	{
		printf("栈为空\n");
	}
	Pop(&(p->data));
	Pop(&(p->data));
}
//返回栈顶的值
ElemType1 MinTop1(MinStack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->data.top == 0)
	{
		printf("栈为空\n");
	}
	return GetTop2(&(p->data));
}
//返回最小值
ElemType1 Min1(MinStack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->data.top == 0)
	{
		printf("栈为空\n");
	}
	return GetTop(&(p->data));
}
//测试
void MinStack1Test()
{
	MinStack1 s;
	MinInit1(&s);
	MinPush1(&s, 7);
	MinPush1(&s, 6);
	MinPush1(&s, 5);
	MinPush1(&s, 1);
	MinPush1(&s, 1);
	MinPush1(&s, 2);
	MinPush1(&s, 1);
	Show(&(s.data));
	MinPop1(&s);
	printf("栈顶的值:%d\n", MinTop1(&s));
	printf("最小值:%d\n", Min1(&s));
}
test.c
//# include "MinStack.h"
# include "MinStack1.h"
int main()
{
	MinStackTest();
	//MinStack1Test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.两个队列实现一个栈

头文件

# pragma once
# include "StackBy2Queue.h"
# include "Queue.h"

typedef struct Stack1
{
	queue d1;
	queue d2;
	int size;
}stack1;
//初始化
void StackInit(stack1 *p);
//销毁
void StackDestory(stack1 *p);
//入栈
void StackPush(stack1 *p,DataType data);
//出栈
void StackPop(stack1 *p);
//返回栈顶的值
DataType StackTop(stack1 *p);
//栈的大小
int StackSize1(stack1 *p);

具体实现代码

# include "StackBy2Queue.h"

//初始化
void StackInit(stack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	QueueInit(&(p->d1));
	QueueInit(&(p->d2));
}
//销毁
void StackDestory(stack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	QueueDestory(&(p->d2));
	QueueDestory(&(p->d1));
}
//入栈
void StackPush(stack1 *p,DataType data)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	//先判断哪个队列不为空,放到该队列,第一个元素在q2  
	if (!QueueIsEmpty(&p->d1))
	{
		QueuePush(&p->d1, data);
	}
	else
	{
		QueuePush(&p->d2, data);
	}
	p->size++;
}
//出栈
void StackPop(stack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	//当d1为空,把d2的前size - 1个元素倒入d1 
	if (QueueIsEmpty(&p->d1) && QueueIsEmpty(&p->d2))
		printf("栈为空\n");
	if (QueueIsEmpty(&p->d1))
	{
		while (QueueSize(&p->d2) > 1)
		{
			QueuePush(&p->d1, QueueTop(&p->d2));
			QueuePop(&p->d2);
		}
		QueuePop(&p->d2);            //移除d2最后一个元素  
	}
	else            //d2为空  
	{
		while (QueueSize(&p->d1) > 1)
		{
			QueuePush(&p->d2, QueueTop(&p->d1));
			QueuePop(&p->d1);
		}
		QueuePop(&p->d1);
	}
	p->size--;
}
//返回栈顶的值
DataType StackTop(stack1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (QueueIsEmpty(&p->d1) && QueueIsEmpty(&p->d2))
		printf("栈为空\n");
	//当d1为空,把d2的前size - 1个元素倒入d1  
	if (QueueIsEmpty(&p->d1))
	{
		while (QueueSize(&p->d2) > 1)
		{
			QueuePush(&p->d1, QueueTop(&p->d2));
			QueuePop(&p->d2);
		}
		return QueueTop(&p->d2);            //返回d2最后一个元素  
	}
	else            //d2为空  
	{
		while (QueueSize(&p->d1) > 1)
		{
			QueuePush(&p->d2, QueueTop(&p->d1));
			QueuePop(&p->d1);
		}
		return QueueTop(&p->d1);
	}
}
//栈的大小
int StackSize1(stack1 *p)
{
	return p->size;
}
//测试
void Stack1Test()
{
	stack1 s;
	QueueInit(&s);
	QueuePush(&s, 1);
	QueuePush(&s, 2);
	QueuePush(&s, 3);
	QueuePush(&s, 4);
	QueuePush(&s, 5);
	QueuePush(&s, 6);
	printf("%d\n", QueueTop(&s));
}

4.两个栈实现一个队列

头文件:

# pragma once 
# include "QueueBy2Stack.h"
# include "Stack.h"

typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct Queue1
{
	stack input;
	stack output;
	//队列的有效元素个数
	int size;
}queue1;
//初始化
void QueueInit1(queue1 *p);
//销毁
void QueueDestory1(queue1 *p);
//入队
void QueuePush1(queue1 *p,ElemType data);
//出队
void QueuePop1(queue1 *p);
//队头的值
ElemType QueueTop1(queue1 *p);
//打印
void  QueueShow1(queue1 *p);

具体实现代码

# include "QueueBy2Stack.h"

//初始化
void QueueInit1(queue1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	InitStack(&(p->input));
	InitStack(&(p->output));
	p->size = 0;
}
//销毁
void QueueDestory1(queue1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	Destory(&(p->output));
	Destory(&(p->input));
	p->size = 0;
}
//入队
void QueuePush1(queue1 *p, ElemType data)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	//如果output为空直接入栈input
	//intput为空但是output不为空,此时入队操作,应该把栈output中的元素移回intput,再执行input入栈
	if (IsEmpty(&(p->output)))
	{
		Push(&(p->input), data);
	}
	else
	{
		while (!IsEmpty(&(p->output)))
		{
			ElemType a = Top(&(p->output));
			Push(&(p->input), a);
		}
		Push(&(p->input), data);
	}
	p->size++;
}
//出队
void QueuePop1(queue1 *p)
{
	//判断input是否为空,不为空则全部压入output栈,然后output栈pop
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->size==0)
	printf("队列为空\n");
	while (p->input.top!=0)
	{
		ElemType a = Top(&(p->input));
		Push(&(p->output), a);
	}
	Pop(&(p->output));
	p->size--;
}
//队头的值
ElemType QueueTop1(queue1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->size==0)
	printf("队列为空\n");
	while (!IsEmpty(&(p->input)))
	{
		ElemType a = Top(&(p->input));
		Push(&(p->output), a);
	}
	return GetTop(&(p->output));
}
//打印
void  QueueShow1(queue1 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (p->size == 0)
		printf("队列为 空\n");
	while (p->input.top != 0)
	{
		ElemType a = Top(&(p->input));
		Push(&(p->output), a);
	}
	Show(&(p->output));
}
//测试
void Queue1Test()
{
	queue1 s;
	QueueInit1(&s);
	QueuePush1(&s, 1);
	QueuePush1(&s, 2);
	QueuePush1(&s, 3);
	QueuePush1(&s, 4);
	QueuePush1(&s, 5);
	QueuePush1(&s, 6);
	QueuePush1(&s, 7);
	QueueShow1(&s);
	printf("%d\n", s.size);
	QueuePop1(&s);
	QueueShow1(&s);
	printf("%d\n",QueueTop1(&s));
}

5.元素出栈入栈的合法性

void IsJudge(char *in, char *out)
{
	stack q;
	InitStack(&q);
	assert(in&&out);
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	if (strlen(in) != strlen(out))
	{
		printf("不合法\n");
		return;
	}
	for (; i<strlen(in); i++)//将入栈序列压入栈
	{
		if (IsEmpty(&q)|| GetTop(&q) != out[j])//栈为空或者栈顶元素不等于出栈序列
		{
			Push(&q, in[i]);
		}
		else//相等时将栈顶元素出栈,并将出栈序列向后移动一位
		{
			Pop(&q);
			j++;
		}
	}
	while (!IsEmpty(&q))//压栈结束后,再比较出栈序列剩下的
	{
		if (GetTop(&q)!= out[++j])
		{
			printf("不合法\n");
			break;
		}
		else
			Pop(&q);
	}
	if (IsEmpty(&q))//循环比较后,如果栈为空,则出栈序列是合法的。
		printf("合法\n");
}

一个数组实现两个栈 

1.奇偶数组

头文件

# pragma once
# include "TwoStackBy1Array1.h"
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <string.h>
# include <assert.h>
# define CAPACITY 4
typedef int DataType;
//奇偶栈
typedef struct Stack2
{
	DataType *array;
	int capacity;
	int top1;
	int top2;
}stack2;
//初始化
void InitStack2(stack2 *p);
//销毁
void DestoryStack2(stack2 *p);
//增容
void ExpandIfRequire(stack2 *p);
//入栈
void PushStack2(stack2 *p,DataType data, int a);//a表示是哪一个
//出栈
void PopStack2(stack2 *p, int a);
//返回栈顶的值
DataType TopStack2(stack2 *p, int a);
//栈的大小
int SizeStack2(stack2 *p, int a);
//判断是否为空
int IsEmpty2(stack2 *p, int a);
//打印
void Show2(stack2 *p, int a);

具体实现代码

# include "TwoStackBy1Array1.h"

//初始化
void InitStack2(stack2 *p)
{
	assert(p!=NULL);
	p->capacity = CAPACITY;
	p->array = (DataType *)malloc(sizeof(DataType)*p->capacity);
	p->top1 = 0;
	p->top2 = 1;

}
//销毁
void DestoryStack2(stack2 *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	p->top1 = 0;
	p->top2 = 1;
	free(p->array);
}
//增容
void ExpandIfRequire(stack2 *p)
{
	if (p->top1 != p->capacity&&p->top2 != p->capacity + 1)
		return;
	int oldcapacity = p->capacity;
	p->capacity *= 2;
	DataType *newarray = (DataType *)malloc(sizeof(DataType)*p->capacity);
	assert(newarray != NULL);
	memcpy(newarray, p->array, sizeof(DataType)*oldcapacity);
	free(p->array);
	p->array = newarray;
}
//入栈
void PushStack2(stack2 *p,DataType data, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	ExpandIfRequire(p);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		p->array[p->top1] = data;
		p->top1 += 2;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		p->array[p->top2 ] = data;
		p->top2 += 2;
	}
}
//出栈
void PopStack2(stack2 *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);

	if (a == 1)
	{
		p->top1 -=2;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		p->top2 -=2;
	}
}
//返回栈顶的值
DataType TopStack2(stack2 *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		return p->array[p->top1 - 2];
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		return p->array[p->top2 - 2];
	}
}
//栈的大小
int SizeStack2(stack2 *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		return p->top1 / 2;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		return p->top2 / 2;
	}
}
//判断是否为空
int IsEmpty2(stack2 *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		return p->top1 == 0 ? 1 : 0;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		return p->top2 == 1 ? 1 : 0;
	}
}
//打印
void Show2(stack2 *p, int a)
{
	if (a == 1)
	{
		int i = 0;
		for (; i < p->top1; i+=2)
			printf("%d ", p->array[i]);
		printf("\n");
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		int i = 1;
		for (; i < p->top2;i+=2)
			printf("%d ", p->array[i]);
		printf("\n");
	}
}
//测试
void Test()
{
	stack2 s;
	InitStack2(&s);
	PushStack2(&s, 1, 1);
	PushStack2(&s, 1, 2);
	PushStack2(&s, 2, 1);
	PushStack2(&s, 2, 2);
	PushStack2(&s, 3, 1);
	PushStack2(&s, 3, 2);
	PushStack2(&s, 4, 1);
	PushStack2(&s, 4, 2);
	Show2(&s,1);
	Show2(&s,2);
}

双头栈

头文件

# pragma once
# include "2StackBy1Array.h"
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <assert.h>
# define maxsize 100
# define MAXSIZE 200
typedef int DataType;
//双头栈
typedef struct TwoStack
{
	DataType array[MAXSIZE];
	int top1;
	int top2;
}twostack;
//初始化
void InitTwoStack(twostack *p);
//销毁
void  DestoryTwoStack(twostack *p);
//入栈
void PushTwoStack(twostack *p, DataType data, int a);
//出栈
void PopTwoStack(twostack *p, int a);
//返回栈顶的值
DataType TopTwoStack(twostack *p, int a);
//栈的大小
int SizeTwoStack(twostack *p, int a);
//判断是否为空
int EmptyTwoStack(twostack *p, int a);
//显示
void ShowTwoStack(twostack *p, int a);

具体实现代码

# include "2StackBy1Array.h"

//初始化
void InitTwoStack(twostack *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	p->top1 = 0;
	p->top2 = MAXSIZE-1;
}
//销毁
void  DestoryTwoStack(twostack *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	p->top1 = 0;
	p->top2 = MAXSIZE-1;
}
//入栈
void PushTwoStack(twostack *p, DataType data, int a)//a 表示是哪一个
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a ==1)
	{
		if (p->top1 >= maxsize)
		{
			printf("栈溢出\n");
			return;
		}
		p->array[p->top1++] = data;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		if (p->top2 < maxsize)
		{
			printf("栈溢出\n");
			return;
		}
		p->array[p->top2--] = data;
	}
}
//出栈
void PopTwoStack(twostack *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		if (p->top1 == 0)
			printf("栈为空\n");
		p->top1--;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		if (p->top2 == MAXSIZE-1)
			printf("栈为空\n");
		p->top2++;
	}

}
//返回栈顶的值
DataType TopTwoStack(twostack *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		if (p->top1 == 0)
			printf("栈为空\n");
		return p->array[p->top1 - 1];
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		if (p->top2== MAXSIZE-1)
			printf("栈为空\n");
		return p->array[p->top2+1];
	}
}
//栈的大小
int SizeTwoStack(twostack *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		return p->top1;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		return MAXSIZE - (p->top2)-1;
	}
}
//判断是否为空
 int EmptyTwoStack(twostack *p, int a)
{
	assert(p != NULL);
	if (a == 1)
	{
		return p->top1 == 0 ? 1 : 0;
	}
	else if (a == 2)
	{
		return p->top2 == MAXSIZE-1 ? 1 : 0;
	}
}
//显示
 void ShowTwoStack(twostack *p, int a)
 {
	 assert(p != NULL);
	 if (a == 1)
	 {
		 int i = 0;
		 for (; i < p->top1; i++)
			 printf("%d ", p->array[i]);
		 printf("\n");
	 }
	 else if (a == 2)
	 {
		 int i = MAXSIZE-1;
		 for (; i >(p->top2); i--)
			 printf("%d ", p->array[i]);
		 printf("\n");
	 }
 }
 //测试
 void Test()
 {
	 twostack s;
	 InitTwoStack(&s);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 66, 1);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 1, 2);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 2, 1);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 66, 2);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 3, 1);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 3, 2);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 4, 1);
	 PushTwoStack(&s, 4, 2);
	 ShowTwoStack(&s, 1);
	 ShowTwoStack(&s, 2);
	 printf("%d", SizeTwoStack(&s, 2));
	 printf("%d", TopTwoStack(&s, 2));
 }

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