Linux exec简介

exec系列函数简介

fork子进程之后，子进程要调用exec系列函数执行程序，这个调用用新程序替换了当前进程的正文段、数据段、堆段、栈段。

#include <unistd.h>

extern char **environ;
int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int execle(const char *path, const char *arg, ..., char * const envp[]);
int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);

int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...);
int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[],char *const envp[]);

第一个参数为path的是需要加路径
第一个参数为filename的是在PATH环境变量中搜索

执行exec后，进程ID没有变。新程序从调用的子进程继承了下面属性：
进程ID和父进程ID
实际用户ID和实际组ID
附属组ID
进程组ID
回话ID
等等

下面写个程序，进行简单验证，代码也可以：github

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <malloc.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    pid_t pid;
    if((pid=fork())<0)
    {
        printf("fork error\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else if(pid == 0)
    {
        printf("child  pid = %ld\r\n",(long)getpid());
        printf("child  uid = %ld\r\n",(long)getuid());
        printf("child  gid = %ld\r\n",(long)getgid());
    //  execl("/bin/ls", "ls", "-l", (char *)0);
        execlp("ls", "ls", "-l", (char *)0);
    }
    else
    {
        int stat;
        pid_t pid=wait(&stat);
        printf("child terminate pid = %ld\r\n",(long)pid);
        printf("child terminate uid = %ld\r\n",(long)getuid());
        printf("child terminate gid = %ld\r\n",(long)getgid());
    }
    return 0;
}