struts2核心（二）：xwork/Container/bean/inject

struts2是基于xwork实现的。xwork是一个基于命令模式的通用型框架，独立于Web环境。xwork源自webwork1，而webwork2又基于xwork实现。

xwork入门

需要加入以下包：

跟struts一样，xwork有个默认的配置文件xwork-default.xml，在xwork-core-x.x.x.jar包下：

<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-2.0.dtd">

<xwork>
    <package name="xwork-default" abstract="true">

        <!-- START SNIPPET: xwork2-default-result-types -->
        <result-types>
            <result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
        </result-types>

        <!-- END SNIPPET: xwork2-default-result-types -->

        <interceptors>
            <!-- START SNIPPET: xwork2-default-interceptors -->

            <interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="filterParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParameterFilterInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="removeParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParameterRemoverInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="scopedModelDriven"
                         class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="validation" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="conversionError" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>

            <!-- END SNIPPET: xwork2-default-interceptors -->

            <!--interceptor name="static-params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="filter-params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParameterFilterInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="remove-params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParameterRemoverInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="model-driven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
            <interceptor name="scoped-model-driven"
                         class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/-->

            <!-- START SNIPPET: xwork2-default-interceptor-stack -->

            <interceptor-stack name="emptyStack"/>

            <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
            </interceptor-stack>
            <interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
            </interceptor-stack>

            <!-- END SNIPPET: xwork2-default-interceptor-stack -->

        </interceptors>

        <default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport"/>

    </package>
</xwork>

配置了结果类型和拦截器等等。

使用xwork跟使用struts一样，需要开发自己的Action，然后配置在应用程序配置文件xwork.xml中（相当于struts.xml）。配置文件放在类路径下。

下面定义了一个Action：

package org.zzj.action;

public class LoginAction {

	public String login() {
		return "success";
	}
}

自定义Result：

package org.zzj.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Result;

public class MyResult implements Result {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	public void execute(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("MyResult...");
	}

}

配置文件xwork.xml：

<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC
"-//OpenSymphonyGroup//XWork1.1.1//EN"
"xwork-2.3.dtd">
<xwork>
	<include file="xwork-default.xml" /><!-- 必须引入，否则无法继承xwork-default -->

	<package name="default" extends="xwork-default">
		<result-types>
			<result-type name="myResult" class="org.zzj.action.MyResult" />
		</result-types>

		<action name="login" class="org.zzj.action.LoginAction" method="login">
			<result name="success" type="myResult" />
		</action>
	</package>
</xwork>

注意这里的dtd文件路径一定要正确。我把xwork-core-x.x.x.jar包中的xwork-2.3.dtd文件放到了类路径下。

测试代码：

package org.zzj.action;

import java.util.HashMap;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.Configuration;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager;

public class Test {
	static ConfigurationManager cfm = new ConfigurationManager();

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Configuration configuration = cfm.getConfiguration();
		ActionProxyFactory actionProxyFactory = configuration.getContainer()
				.getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class);
		ActionProxy actionProxy = actionProxyFactory.createActionProxy("",
				"login", "login", new HashMap<String, Object>());
		System.out.println(actionProxy.execute());

	}
}

输出：

MyResult...
success

Container容器

我们可以在配置文件中配置bean，xwork运行时（加载时）会将bean实例化，并且存放到container中，这样在运行时就可以拿到bean的实例。这是struts插件实现的基础。

自定义一个解码器bean：

package org.zzj.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject;

public class Decoder {
	
	private ObjectFactory objectFactory;

	public ObjectFactory getObjectFactory() {
		return objectFactory;
	}

	@Inject
	public void setObjectFactory(ObjectFactory objectFactory) {
		this.objectFactory = objectFactory;
	}
	
	

}

在配置文件的xwork元素下配置该bean：

<bean class="org.zzj.action.Decoder" scope="singleton"/>

关于bean的详细配置可在网上查资料。

测试代码：

package org.zzj.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.Configuration;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container;

public class TestContainer {
	static ConfigurationManager cfm = new ConfigurationManager();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration configuration = cfm.getConfiguration();
		Container container = configuration.getContainer();
		System.out.println(container.getInstance(ObjectFactory.class));
		System.out.println(container.getInstance(Decoder.class));
		container.inject(Decoder.class);
		System.out.println(container.getInstance(Decoder.class)
				.getObjectFactory());
	}
}

输出：

com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory@1f6f296
org.zzj.action.Decoder@1e13d52
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory@5329c5

调用container.inject(Bean.class)方法可以给Bean注入属性（通过注解@inject）。container就是一个IOC容器。

容器的创建是由ContainerBuilder.create()方法完成：

public Container create(boolean loadSingletons) {
    ensureNotCreated();
    created = true;
    final ContainerImpl container = new ContainerImpl(
        new HashMap<Key<?>, InternalFactory<?>>(factories));
    if (loadSingletons) {
      container.callInContext(new ContainerImpl.ContextualCallable<Void>() {
        public Void call(InternalContext context) {
          for (InternalFactory<?> factory : singletonFactories) {
            factory.create(context);
          }
          return null;
        }
      });
    }
    container.injectStatics(staticInjections);
    return container;
  }