Servlet 案例(get、post,转发与重定向)
案例一(初体验 Servlet web项目)
(1)LoginServlet:
package com.alex.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
//Servlet 对象时单例的,伪单例
//public class LoginServlet implements Servlet{
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{
//声明周期方法
//生命周期:表示对象从创建、初始化、使用、销毁过程
//创建对象
public LoginServlet(){
System.out.println("LoginServlet.....");
}
//销毁对象时使用
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy ......");
}
//初始化对象
//初始化方法只执行一次
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletconfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init ... ...");
}
//处理请求使用的
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("service ... ...");
response.getWriter().println("Hello World... ...");
}
}
(2)web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>web_servlet01</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.alex.web.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- load-on-startup 值大于等于0的整数值,表示服务器启动时创建Servlet,值越小优先级越高 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
(3)index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="LoginServlet">LoginServlet</a>
</body>
</html>
结果:
点击链接
案例二(get 和post 提交流程,编码)
1、get和post的区别、乱码问题
1)get
url 会显示参数
数据的传递是有限的
method=“get”
get的编码是在tomcat/conf/server.xml里面解决的
2)post
method=“post”
参数在url里面看不到了
post编码问题的解决的
request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);
3)jsp获取后台数据乱码解决
response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);
4)jsp乱码问题的解决
<%@ page language=“java” contentType=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”
pageEncoding=“UTF-8”%>
2、实例
(1)web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>web_servlet02</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.alex.web.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
(2)login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Get
<form action="LoginServlet" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
<br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="passwd" />
<br/>
<!-- 访问AutoByEclipseServlet中的doGet方法 -->
<input type="submit" value="发送GET请求" />
</form>
<br />
<br />
POST
<form action="LoginServlet" method="post">
用户名<input type="text" name="username" />
<br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="passwd" />
<br/>
<!-- 访问AutoByEclipseServlet中的doPost方法 -->
<input type="submit" value="发送POST请求" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
(3)LoginServlet
package com.alex.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//Servlet 对象时单例的,伪单例
//public class LoginServlet implements Servlet{
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{
//声明周期方法
//生命周期:表示对象从创建、初始化、使用、销毁过程
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//创建对象
public LoginServlet(){
System.out.println("LoginServlet.....");
}
//销毁对象时使用
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy ......");
}
//初始化对象
//初始化方法只执行一次
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletconfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init ... ...");
}
//处理请求使用的
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置请求字符编码,解决客户端提交数据是中文乱码问题
//设置必须在request.getParameter(" ") 方法前调用,否则不起作用
//只针对post请求方式有效,对get请求方式无效
//如果解决Get请求乱码问题,需要在Tomcat/conf/server.xml中设置字符编码
//<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//如何获取客户端浏览器的数据?
//一个参数名称带一个值,例如:文本框、密码框
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String passwd = request.getParameter("passwd");
//一个参数名称带多个值,例如:复选框
//String[] values = request.getParameterValues("");
//一次性获取所有请求参数,key为参数名称,值为参数名称对应的值
//Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
System.out.println("username:" + username);
System.out.println("passwd:" + passwd);
//服务器端告诉客户端浏览器,返回的是text/html类型的数据
//设置响应内容类型及编码,需要在response.getWriter().println("")方法调用前设置,否则不起作用
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
if("admin".equals(username) && "123".equals(passwd)){
response.getWriter().println("登录成功...");
}else{
response.getWriter().println("登录失败,用户名或者密码不正确");
}
}
}
结果:
用户名:admin
密码:123
发送get请求:
成功:
失败:
发送post请求:
成功:
失败:
案例三(转发与重定向)
1)请求的转发
(1)实现request.getRequestDispatcher("/regist_error.html").forward(request, response);
(2)特点
①在服务器内部完成,用户感知不到
②浏览器地址栏不变
③整个过程浏览器只发出了一个请求
④目标资源可以在WEB-INF目录下
2)请求的重定向
(1)实现
response.sendRedirect("./regist_success.html");
response.sendRedirect("/MyNews/regist_success.html");
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + “/MyNews/regist_success.html”);
(2)特点
①服务器以302状态码通知浏览器访问新地址
②浏览器地址栏改变
③整个过程浏览器发出两次请求
④目标资源不可以在WEB-INF目录下
LoginServlet:
package com.alex.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
// 声明周期方法
// 生命周期:表示对象从创建、初始化、使用、销毁过程
// 创建对象
public LoginServlet() {
System.out.println("LoginServlet.....");
}
// 销毁对象时使用
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy ......");
}
// 初始化对象
// 初始化方法只执行一次
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletconfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init ... ...");
}
// 处理请求使用的
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置请求字符编码,解决客户端提交数据是中文乱码问题
// 设置必须在request.getParameter(" ") 方法前调用,否则不起作用
// 只针对post请求方式有效,对get请求方式无效
// 如果解决Get请求乱码问题,需要在Tomcat/conf/server.xml中设置字符编码
// <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"
// redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 如何获取客户端浏览器的数据?
// 一个参数名称带一个值,例如:文本框、密码框
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String passwd = request.getParameter("passwd");
System.out.println("username:" + username);
System.out.println("passwd:" + passwd);
// 服务器端告诉客户端浏览器,返回的是text/html类型的数据
// 设置响应内容类型及编码,需要在response.getWriter().println("")方法调用前设置,否则不起作用
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
if ("admin".equals(username) && "123".equals(passwd)) {
// 转发请求
// 转发请求资源的路径,以斜杠开头,表示从当前应用程序的根路径来查找资源
// XML配置文件中以斜杠开头,也表示从当前应用程序的根路径来查找资源
request.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(request, response);
} else {
// 转换为子接口,子接口内容更丰富一些
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest)request;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//httpServletRequest.getContextPath() 方法获取当前应用程序的上下文路径
// URL : http://localhost:8080/web_servlet04/login.jsp
// URI : /web_servlet04/login.jsp
// getContextPath() : /web_servlet04
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect(httpServletRequest.getContextPath() + "/failure.jsp");
}
}
}
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>web_servlet04</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.alex.web.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
login.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Get
<form action="LoginServlet" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
<br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="passwd" />
<br/>
<!-- 访问AutoByEclipseServlet中的doGet方法 -->
<input type="submit" value="发送GET请求" />
</form>
<br />
<br />
POST
<form action="LoginServlet" method="post">
用户名<input type="text" name="username" />
<br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="passwd" />
<br/>
<!-- 访问AutoByEclipseServlet中的doPost方法 -->
<input type="submit" value="发送POST请求" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
success
</body>
</html>
failure.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
failure
</body>
</html>
结果:
成功:
失败: