在cameraservice启动时粗略看了一些binder,这里就binder机制进行进一步学习。
一.分类
任意一个进程无法同时使用dev/binder和dev/vndbinder，是目前android binder sdk的限制，因为两者都是共用Binder SDK
- /dev/binder System分区 AIDL
- vndBinder Vendor分区 AIDL
- hwBinder 可以跨System和Vendor分区使用 使用hwservicemanager,libhwbinder代码，HIDL
二、优势
对比其他IPC方式，binder机制显然很有优势：
高效：一次拷贝
安全：pid/uid区分 进程id和用户应用id
CS架构
三.通信流程：
1)首先服务端需要向ServiceManager进行服务注册，ServiceManager有一个全局的service列表svcinfo，用来缓存所有服务的handler和name。
2)客户端与服务端通信，需要拿到服务端的对象，由于进程隔离，客户端拿到的其实是服务端的代理，也可以理解为引用。客户端通过ServiceManager从svcinfo中查找服务，ServiceManager返回服务的代理。
3)拿到服务对象后，我们需要向服务发送请求，实现我们需要的功能。通过 BinderProxy 将我们的请求参数发送给 内核，通过共享内存的方式使用内核方法 copy_from_user() 将我们的参数先拷贝到内核空间，这时我们的客户端进入等待状态。然后 Binder 驱动向服务端的 todo 队列里面插入一条事务，执行完之后把执行结果通过 copy_to_user() 将内核的结果拷贝到用户空间（这里只是执行了拷贝命令，并没有拷贝数据，binder只进行一次拷贝），唤醒等待的客户端并把结果响应回来，这样就完成了一次通讯。
四、代码分析
1）从几个重要的类来看
BpBinder
BpInterface
BBinder
BnInterface
frameworks/native/libs/binder/include/binder/BpBinder.h
class BpBinder : public IBinder
{
public:
static BpBinder* create(int32_t handle);
inline int32_t handle() const { return mHandle; }
virtual const String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
virtual bool isBinderAlive() const;
virtual status_t pingBinder();
virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t transact( uint32_t code,
const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply,
uint32_t flags = 0);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t linkToDeath(const sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
void* cookie = nullptr,
uint32_t flags = 0);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t unlinkToDeath( const wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
void* cookie = nullptr,
uint32_t flags = 0,
wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient = nullptr);
virtual void attachObject( const void* objectID,
void* object,
void* cleanupCookie,
object_cleanup_func func);
virtual void* findObject(const void* objectID) const;
virtual void detachObject(const void* objectID);
virtual BpBinder* remoteBinder();
status_t setConstantData(const void* data, size_t size);
void sendObituary();
static uint32_t getBinderProxyCount(uint32_t uid);
static void getCountByUid(Vector<uint32_t>& uids, Vector<uint32_t>& counts);
static void enableCountByUid();
static void disableCountByUid();
static void setCountByUidEnabled(bool enable);
static void setLimitCallback(binder_proxy_limit_callback cb);
static void setBinderProxyCountWatermarks(int high, int low);
class ObjectManager
frameworks/native/libs/binder/include/binder/IInterface.h
template<typename INTERFACE>
class BpInterface : public INTERFACE, public BpRefBase
{
public:
explicit BpInterface(const sp<IBinder>& remote);
protected:
typedef INTERFACE BaseInterface;
virtual IBinder* onAsBinder();
};
class BpRefBase : public virtual RefBase
{
protected:
explicit BpRefBase(const sp<IBinder>& o);
virtual ~BpRefBase();
virtual void onFirstRef();
virtual void onLastStrongRef(const void* id);
virtual bool onIncStrongAttempted(uint32_t flags, const void* id);
inline IBinder* remote() { return mRemote; }
inline IBinder* remote() const { return mRemote; }
private:
BpRefBase(const BpRefBase& o);
BpRefBase& operator=(const BpRefBase& o);
IBinder* const mRemote;
RefBase::weakref_type* mRefs;
std::atomic<int32_t> mState;
};
这里先关注transact函数
class BBinder : public IBinder
{
public:
BBinder();
virtual const String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
virtual bool isBinderAlive() const;
virtual status_t pingBinder();
virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t transact( uint32_t code,
const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply,
uint32_t flags = 0);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t linkToDeath(const sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
void* cookie = nullptr,
uint32_t flags = 0);
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t unlinkToDeath( const wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
void* cookie = nullptr,
uint32_t flags = 0,
wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient = nullptr);
virtual void attachObject( const void* objectID,
void* object,
void* cleanupCookie,
object_cleanup_func func);
virtual void* findObject(const void* objectID) const;
virtual void detachObject(const void* objectID);
virtual BBinder* localBinder();
bool isRequestingSid();
// This must be called before the object is sent to another process. Not thread safe.
void setRequestingSid(bool requestSid);
protected:
virtual ~BBinder();
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code,
const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply,
uint32_t flags = 0);
private:
BBinder(const BBinder& o);
BBinder& operator=(const BBinder& o);
class Extras;
Extras* getOrCreateExtras();
std::atomic<Extras*> mExtras;
void* mReserved0;
};
transact会走到子类的onTransact()里
status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);
status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
break;
}
if (reply != nullptr) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}
return err;
}
interface
template<typename INTERFACE>
class BnInterface : public INTERFACE, public BBinder
{
public:
virtual sp<IInterface> queryLocalInterface(const String16& _descriptor);
virtual const String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
protected:
typedef INTERFACE BaseInterface;
virtual IBinder* onAsBinder();
};
BBinder::transact()调用的onTransact()应该就是BnInterface<>的某个子类的 onTransact()
IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(Camera, “android.hardware.ICamera”);
#define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME) \
const ::android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME); \
const ::android::String16& \
I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const { \
return I##INTERFACE::descriptor; \
} \
::android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface( \
const ::android::sp<::android::IBinder>& obj) \
{ \
::android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr; \
if (obj != nullptr) { \
intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>( \
obj->queryLocalInterface( \
I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get()); \
if (intr == nullptr) { \
intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj); \
} \
} \
return intr; \
} \
std::unique_ptr<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::default_impl; \
bool I##INTERFACE::setDefaultImpl(std::unique_ptr<I##INTERFACE> impl)\
{ \
if (!I##INTERFACE::default_impl && impl) { \
I##INTERFACE::default_impl = std::move(impl); \
return true; \
} \
return false; \
} \
const std::unique_ptr<I##INTERFACE>& I##INTERFACE::getDefaultImpl() \
{ \
return I##INTERFACE::default_impl; \
} \
I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { } \
I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { } \
需要注意的是BpBinder和BpInterface之间的转换。
IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(Camera,***)中调用obj->queryLocalInterface来获得BpCamera对象，如果obj是BpBinder，一般得到空，因IBinder中该函数默认返回空，接着走new BpCamera(obj)，BpCamera继承于BpInterface。如果是BnInterface则返回this。从而实现BpBinder和BpInterface之间的联系。
class BpCamera: public BpInterface<ICamera>
{
public:
explicit BpCamera(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
: BpInterface<ICamera>(impl)
{
}
// disconnect from camera service
binder::Status disconnect()
{
ALOGV("disconnect");
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(ICamera::getInterfaceDescriptor());
remote()->transact(DISCONNECT, data, &reply);
reply.readExceptionCode();
return binder::Status::ok();
}
template<typename INTERFACE>
inline sp<IInterface> BnInterface<INTERFACE>::queryLocalInterface(
const String16& _descriptor)
{
if (_descriptor == INTERFACE::descriptor) return this;
return nullptr;
}
ProcessState
每个进程有一个processstate
frameworks/native/include/binder/ProcessState.h
class ProcessState : public virtual RefBase
{
public:
static sp<ProcessState> self();
. . . . . .
void startThreadPool();
. . . . . .
void spawnPooledThread(bool isMain);
status_t setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(size_t maxThreads);
private:
friend class IPCThreadState;
. . . . . .
struct handle_entry
{
IBinder* binder;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
};
handle_entry* lookupHandleLocked(int32_t handle);
int mDriverFD;
void* mVMStart;
mutable Mutex mLock; // protects everything below.
Vector<handle_entry> **mHandleToObject**;
. . . . . .
KeyedVector<String16, sp<IBinder> > mContexts;
. . . . . .
};
(1)mDriverFD是记录binder驱动对应的句柄值
常见的
int main()
{
ALOGD("loading eseservice");
ret = QSEECom_start_app(&qseeComHandleeSEService, app_path, app_name, 1024);
if (ret) {
ALOGE("loading eseservice failed");
}
ALOGD("%s is starting", eSEPowerManager::getServiceName());
ProcessState::initWithDriver("/dev/vndbinder");
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
defaultServiceManager()->addService(String16("eSEPowerManagerService"), new eSEPowerManager);
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
return 0;
}
通过调用ProcessState::self()来获取进程中唯一的一个ProcessState对象
sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(gProcessMutex);
if (gProcess != nullptr) {
return gProcess;
}
gProcess = new ProcessState(DEFAULT_BINDER_VM_SIZE);
return gProcess;
}
ProcessState::ProcessState(size_t mmap_size)
: **mDriverFD**(open_driver())
, mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
, mThreadCountLock(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER)
, mThreadCountDecrement(PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER)
, mExecutingThreadsCount(0)
, mMaxThreads(DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS)
, mStarvationStartTimeMs(0)
, mManagesContexts(false)
, mBinderContextCheckFunc(nullptr)
, mBinderContextUserData(nullptr)
, mThreadPoolStarted(false)
, mSpawnThreadOnStart(true)
, mThreadPoolSeq(1)
, mMmapSize(mmap_size)
, mCallRestriction(CallRestriction::NONE)
{
if (mDriverFD >= 0) {
// mmap the binder, providing a chunk of virtual address space to receive transactions.
mVMStart = mmap(nullptr, mMmapSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
if (mVMStart == MAP_FAILED) {
// *sigh*
ALOGE("Mmapping /dev/hwbinder failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
close(mDriverFD);
mDriverFD = -1;
}
}
else {
ALOGE("Binder driver could not be opened. Terminating.");
}
}
mDriverFD(open_driver()) 就是打开/dev/binder
open_driver, 获得binder版本，最大线程15个。
static int open_driver()
{
int fd = open("/dev/hwbinder", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
if (fd >= 0) {
int vers = 0;
status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);
if (result == -1) {
ALOGE("Binder ioctl to obtain version failed: %s", strerror(errno));
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
if (result != 0 || vers != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
ALOGE("Binder driver protocol(%d) does not match user space protocol(%d)!", vers, BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION);
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
size_t maxThreads = DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS;
result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);
if (result == -1) {
ALOGE("Binder ioctl to set max threads failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
} else {
ALOGW("Opening '/dev/hwbinder' failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
return fd;
}
mDriverFD(open_driver())
open binder时会调用binder_open函数，这个函数下一节再介绍。
(2)mHandleToObject
Vector<handle_entry> mHandleToObject; 这个表记录了BpBinder,即代理端。进程可以通过binder句柄来查找代理端。
IBinder* binder 即记录了BpBinder
struct handle_entry {
IBinder* binder;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
};
2)调用流程
1.servicemanager启动
init ---->
servicemanager.rc
vndservicemanager.rc
hwservicemanager.rc
frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/servicemanager.rc
service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager
class core animation
user system
group system readproc
critical
onrestart restart healthd
onrestart restart zygote
onrestart restart audioserver
onrestart restart media
onrestart restart surfaceflinger
onrestart restart inputflinger
onrestart restart drm
onrestart restart cameraserver
onrestart restart keystore
onrestart restart gatekeeperd
onrestart restart thermalservice
writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
shutdown critical
frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/service_manager.c
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
struct binder_state *bs;
union selinux_callback cb;
char *driver;
if (argc > 1) {
driver = argv[1];
} else {
driver = "/dev/binder";
}
bs = binder_open(driver, 128*1024);
if (!bs) {
#ifdef VENDORSERVICEMANAGER
ALOGW("failed to open binder driver %s\n", driver);
while (true) {
sleep(UINT_MAX);
}
#else
ALOGE("failed to open binder driver %s\n", driver);
#endif
return -1;
}
if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {
ALOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
cb.func_audit = audit_callback;
selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_AUDIT, cb);
#ifdef VENDORSERVICEMANAGER
cb.func_log = selinux_vendor_log_callback;
#else
cb.func_log = selinux_log_callback;
#endif
selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);
#ifdef VENDORSERVICEMANAGER
sehandle = selinux_android_vendor_service_context_handle();
#else
sehandle = selinux_android_service_context_handle();
#endif
selinux_status_open(true);
if (sehandle == NULL) {
ALOGE("SELinux: Failed to acquire sehandle. Aborting.\n");
abort();
}
if (getcon(&service_manager_context) != 0) {
ALOGE("SELinux: Failed to acquire service_manager context. Aborting.\n");
abort();
}
binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);
return 0;
}
列一下关键函数：
1)bs = binder_open(driver, 128*1024); //分配128K内存 /dev/binder
2)binder_become_context_manager(bs) //注册
3)binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler); //loop循环，等待读写信息
下面就这三个函数进行详细分析
1)binder_open
open() //打开/dev/binder
ioctl() //获得版本信息
mmap: //申请128K内存空间，为servicemanager使用，binder服务进程映射的为1M-8K内存。
struct binder_state *binder_open(const char* driver, size_t mapsize)
{
struct binder_state *bs;
struct binder_version vers;
bs = malloc(sizeof(*bs));
if (!bs) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return NULL;
}
bs->fd = open(driver, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC); //打开/dev/binder
if (bs->fd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot open %s (%s)\n",
driver, strerror(errno));
goto fail_open;
}
if ((ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers) == -1) || //获得版本信息
(vers.protocol_version != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"binder: kernel driver version (%d) differs from user space version (%d)\n",
vers.protocol_version, BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION);
goto fail_open;
}
bs->mapsize = mapsize;
bs->mapped = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, bs->fd, 0);//申请128K内存空间，为servicemanager使用，binder服务进程映射的为1M-8K内存。
if (bs->mapped == MAP_FAILED) {
fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot map device (%s)\n",
strerror(errno));
goto fail_map;
}
return bs;
fail_map:
close(bs->fd);
fail_open:
free(bs);
return NULL;
}
open调用binder_open，创建了binder_proc，记录在 filp->private_data = proc; 插入一个总链表
static HLIST_HEAD(binder_procs);
hlist_add_head(&proc->proc_node, &binder_procs);
每次调用 binder_ioctl都会调用
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
binder_proc中的4棵红黑树
static int binder_open(struct inode *nodp, struct file *filp)
{
struct binder_proc *proc;
struct binder_device *binder_dev;
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_OPEN_CLOSE, "%s: %d:%d\n", __func__,
current->group_leader->pid, current->pid);
proc = kzalloc(sizeof(*proc), GFP_KERNEL);
if (proc == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock_init(&proc->inner_lock);
spin_lock_init(&proc->outer_lock);
get_task_struct(current->group_leader);
proc->tsk = current->group_leader;
mutex_init(&proc->files_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->todo);
if (binder_supported_policy(current->policy)) {
proc->default_priority.sched_policy = current->policy;
proc->default_priority.prio = current->normal_prio;
} else {
proc->default_priority.sched_policy = SCHED_NORMAL;
proc->default_priority.prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(0);
}
binder_dev = container_of(filp->private_data, struct binder_device,
miscdev);
proc->context = &binder_dev->context;
binder_alloc_init(&proc->alloc);
binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_PROC);
proc->pid = current->group_leader->pid;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->delivered_death);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->waiting_threads);
**filp->private_data = proc;**
mutex_lock(&binder_procs_lock);
hlist_add_head(&proc->proc_node, &binder_procs);
mutex_unlock(&binder_procs_lock);
if (binder_debugfs_dir_entry_proc) {
char strbuf[11];
snprintf(strbuf, sizeof(strbuf), "%u", proc->pid);
/*
* proc debug entries are shared between contexts, so
* this will fail if the process tries to open the driver
* again with a different context. The priting code will
* anyway print all contexts that a given PID has, so this
* is not a problem.
*/
proc->debugfs_entry = debugfs_create_file(strbuf, 0444,
binder_debugfs_dir_entry_proc,
(void *)(unsigned long)proc->pid,
&binder_proc_fops);
}
return 0;
}
注意 rb_root 和 hlist_node，
nodes树用于记录binder实体，refs_by_desc树和refs_by_node树则用于记录binder代理。之所以会有两个代理树，是为了便于快速查找，我们暂时只关心其中之一就可以了。threads树用于记录执行传输动作的线程信息。
struct binder_proc {
struct hlist_node proc_node;
struct rb_root threads;
struct rb_root nodes;
struct rb_root refs_by_desc;
struct rb_root refs_by_node;
struct list_head waiting_threads;
int pid;
struct task_struct *tsk;
struct files_struct *files;
struct mutex files_lock;
struct hlist_node deferred_work_node;
int deferred_work;
bool is_dead;
struct list_head todo;
struct binder_stats stats;
struct list_head delivered_death;
int max_threads;
int requested_threads;
int requested_threads_started;
int tmp_ref;
struct binder_priority default_priority;
struct dentry *debugfs_entry;
struct binder_alloc alloc;
struct binder_context *context;
spinlock_t inner_lock;
spinlock_t outer_lock;
};
threads树的节点类型为binder_thread，nodes树的节点类型为binder_node，refs_by_desc树和refs_by_node树的节点类型binder_ref
struct rb_node
{
uintptr_t rb_parent_color;
#define RB_RED 0
#define RB_BLACK 1
struct rb_node *rb_right;
struct rb_node *rb_left;
} __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))));
/* The alignment might seem pointless, but allegedly CRIS needs it */
struct rb_root
{
struct rb_node *rb_node;
};
node树记录binder实体
struct binder_node {
int debug_id;
spinlock_t lock;
struct binder_work work; //work
union {
struct rb_node rb_node;
struct hlist_node dead_node;
};
struct binder_proc *proc; //proc
struct hlist_head refs; //proc list
int internal_strong_refs;
int local_weak_refs;
int local_strong_refs;
int tmp_refs;
binder_uintptr_t ptr; //**
binder_uintptr_t cookie; //**BBinder的地址
struct {
/*
* bitfield elements protected by
* proc inner_lock
*/
u8 has_strong_ref:1;
u8 pending_strong_ref:1;
u8 has_weak_ref:1;
u8 pending_weak_ref:1;
};
struct {
/*
* invariant after initialization
*/
u8 sched_policy:2;
u8 inherit_rt:1;
u8 accept_fds:1;
u8 txn_security_ctx:1;
u8 min_priority;
};
bool has_async_transaction;
struct list_head async_todo;
};
refs_by_desc树和refs_by_node树的节点类型binder_ref，
struct binder_ref {
/* Lookups needed: */
/* node + proc => ref (transaction) */
/* desc + proc => ref (transaction, inc/dec ref) */
/* node => refs + procs (proc exit) */
struct binder_ref_data data;
struct rb_node rb_node_desc;
struct rb_node rb_node_node;
struct hlist_node node_entry;
struct binder_proc *proc; //proc
struct binder_node *node; //node
struct binder_ref_death *death;
};
binder_ref中有两个类型为rb_node的域：rb_node_desc域和rb_node_node域，它们分别用于连接refs_by_desc树和refs_by_node。也就是说虽然binder_proc中有两棵引用树，但这两棵树用到的具体binder_ref节点其实是复用的。
进程1的BpBinder在发起跨进程调用时，向binder驱动传入了自己记录的句柄值，binder驱动就会在“进程1对应的binder_proc结构”的引用树中查找和句柄值相符的binder_ref节点，一旦找到binder_ref节点，就可以通过该节点的node域找到对应的binder_node节点，这个目标binder_node当然是从属于进程2的binder_proc啦，不过不要紧，因为binder_ref和binder_node都处于binder驱动的地址空间中，所以是可以用指针直接指向的。目标binder_node节点的cookie域，记录的其实是进程2中BBinder的地址，binder驱动只需把这个值反映给应用层，应用层就可以直接拿到BBinder了。这就是Binder完成精确打击的大体过程。
BpBinder如何和ProcessState联系:IPCThreadState(“和跨进程通信（IPC）相关的线程状态”)
每个线程有一个IPCThreadState对象，
BpBinder::transact调用时会调用IPCThreadState::self()->transact
status_t BpBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
// Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.
if (mAlive) {
// MIUI ADD: START
int64_t beginUptimeMs = 0;
const struct BinderSupervisionCallBacks* pBinderSupervisionCallBacks = getBinderCallBacksInEnv();
const bool isPerfSupervisionOn =
pBinderSupervisionCallBacks != nullptr && pBinderSupervisionCallBacks->isPerfSupervisionOn();
if (isPerfSupervisionOn) {
beginUptimeMs = pBinderSupervisionCallBacks->beginBinderCall(this, code, flags);
}
int64_t startTime = 0;
bool isOneway = (flags & IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY) != 0;
if (!isOneway) startTime = uptimeMillis();
// END
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
// MIUI ADD: START
if (isPerfSupervisionOn) {
pBinderSupervisionCallBacks->endBinderCall(this, code, flags, beginUptimeMs);
}
if (!isOneway) {
int64_t duration = uptimeMillis() - startTime;
if (duration > slowBinderThreshold) {
String8 desc(getInterfaceDescriptor());
SLOGW("Slow Binder: BpBinder transact took %" PRId64 " ms, interface=%s, code=%u oneway=%s\n",
duration, desc.string(), code, isOneway ? "true" : "false" );
}
}
// END
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
return status;
}
return DEAD_OBJECT;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
status_t err;
flags |= TF_ACCEPT_FDS;
err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, nullptr);
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
return (mLastError = err);
}
if ((flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
if (UNLIKELY(mCallRestriction != ProcessState::CallRestriction::NONE)) {
if (mCallRestriction == ProcessState::CallRestriction::ERROR_IF_NOT_ONEWAY) {
ALOGE("Process making non-oneway call but is restricted.");
CallStack::logStack("non-oneway call", CallStack::getCurrent(10).get(),
ANDROID_LOG_ERROR);
} else /* FATAL_IF_NOT_ONEWAY */ {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Process may not make oneway calls.");
}
}
#if 0
if (code == 4) { // relayout
ALOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction 4");
} else {
ALOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction %d", code);
}
#endif
if (reply) {
err = waitForResponse(reply);
} else {
Parcel fakeReply;
err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);
}
#if 0
if (code == 4) { // relayout
ALOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction 4");
} else {
ALOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction %d", code);
}
#endif
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BR_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "
<< handle << ": ";
if (reply) alog << indent << *reply << dedent << endl;
else alog << "(none requested)" << endl;
}
} else {
err = waitForResponse(nullptr, nullptr);
}
return err;
}
err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, nullptr);等待数据打包进mOut完成
IPCThreadState::transact()会考虑本次发起的事务是否需要回复。“不需要等待回复的”事务，在其flag标志中会含有TF_ONE_WAY，表示一去不回头。而“需要等待回复的”，则需要在传递时提供记录回复信息的Parcel对象，一般发起transact()的用户会提供这个Parcel对象，如果不提供，transact()函数内部会临时构造一个假的Parcel对象。
status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
tr.target.ptr = 0; /* Don't pass uninitialized stack data to a remote process */
tr.target.handle = handle;
tr.code = code;
tr.flags = binderFlags;
tr.cookie = 0;
tr.sender_pid = 0;
tr.sender_euid = 0;
const status_t err = data.errorCheck();
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(binder_size_t);
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
} else if (statusBuffer) {
tr.flags |= TF_STATUS_CODE;
*statusBuffer = err;
tr.data_size = sizeof(status_t);
tr.data.ptr.buffer = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(statusBuffer);
tr.offsets_size = 0;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = 0;
} else {
return (mLastError = err);
}
mOut.writeInt32(cmd);
mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));
return NO_ERROR;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
uint32_t cmd;
int32_t err;
while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break; // talkWithDriver会完成跨进程事务
err = mIn.errorCheck();
if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
cmd = (uint32_t)mIn.readInt32();
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Processing waitForResponse Command: "
<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
}
switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
break;
case BR_DEAD_REPLY:
err = DEAD_OBJECT;
goto finish;
case BR_FAILED_REPLY:
err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;
goto finish;
case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:
{
ALOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");
const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();
if (!acquireResult) continue;
*acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;
}
goto finish;
case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
ALOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
err = *reinterpret_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);
freeBuffer(nullptr,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), this);
}
} else {
freeBuffer(nullptr,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), this);
continue;
}
}
goto finish;
default:
err = executeCommand(cmd); //BR_TRANSACTION 执行
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
break;
}
}
finish:
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
mLastError = err;
}
return err;
}
waitForResponse()中是通过调用talkWithDriver()来和binder驱动联系的。
status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
if (mProcess->mDriverFD < 0) {
return -EBADF;
}
binder_write_read bwr;
// Is the read buffer empty?
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
// We don't want to write anything if we are still reading
// from data left in the input buffer and the caller
// has requested to read the next data.
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();
// This is what we'll read.
if (doReceive && needRead) {
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
}
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
if (outAvail != 0) {
alog << "Sending commands to driver: " << indent;
const void* cmds = (const void*)bwr.write_buffer;
const void* end = ((const uint8_t*)cmds)+bwr.write_size;
alog << HexDump(cmds, bwr.write_size) << endl;
while (cmds < end) cmds = printCommand(alog, cmds);
alog << dedent;
}
alog << "Size of receive buffer: " << bwr.read_size
<< ", needRead: " << needRead << ", doReceive: " << doReceive << endl;
}
// Return immediately if there is nothing to do.
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "About to read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
}
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
else
err = -errno;
#else
err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
if (mProcess->mDriverFD < 0) {
err = -EBADF;
}
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Finished read/write, write size = " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
}
} while (err == -EINTR);
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Our err: " << (void*)(intptr_t)err << ", write consumed: "
<< bwr.write_consumed << " (of " << mOut.dataSize()
<< "), read consumed: " << bwr.read_consumed << endl;
}
if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else {
mOut.setDataSize(0);
processPostWriteDerefs();
}
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "Remaining data size: " << mOut.dataSize() << endl;
alog << "Received commands from driver: " << indent;
const void* cmds = mIn.data();
const void* end = mIn.data() + mIn.dataSize();
alog << HexDump(cmds, mIn.dataSize()) << endl;
while (cmds < end) cmds = printReturnCommand(alog, cmds);
alog << dedent;
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
return err;
}
2)binder_become_context_manager(bs)
int binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs)
{
struct flat_binder_object obj;
memset(&obj, 0, sizeof(obj));
obj.flags = FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_TXN_SECURITY_CTX;
int result = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR_EXT, &obj); //把servicemanager设为安全的上下文。
// fallback to original method
if (result != 0) {
android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "121035042");
result = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR, 0);
}
return result;
}
static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret;
struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
struct binder_thread *thread;
unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
/*pr_info("binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n",
proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/
binder_selftest_alloc(&proc->alloc);
trace_binder_ioctl(cmd, arg);
ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret)
goto err_unlocked;
thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
if (thread == NULL) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}
switch (cmd) {
case BINDER_WRITE_READ:
ret = binder_ioctl_write_read(filp, cmd, arg, thread);
if (ret)
goto err;
break;
case BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS: {
int max_threads;
if (copy_from_user(&max_threads, ubuf,
sizeof(max_threads))) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
proc->max_threads = max_threads;
binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
break;
}
case BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR_EXT: {
struct flat_binder_object fbo;
if (copy_from_user(&fbo, ubuf, sizeof(fbo))) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
ret = binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr(filp, &fbo);
if (ret)
goto err;
break;
}
case BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR:
ret = binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr(filp, NULL);
if (ret)
goto err;
break;
case BINDER_THREAD_EXIT:
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_THREADS, "%d:%d exit\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid);
binder_thread_release(proc, thread);
thread = NULL;
break;
case BINDER_VERSION: {
struct binder_version __user *ver = ubuf;
if (size != sizeof(struct binder_version)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (put_user(BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
&ver->protocol_version)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
break;
}
case BINDER_GET_NODE_INFO_FOR_REF: {
struct binder_node_info_for_ref info;
if (copy_from_user(&info, ubuf, sizeof(info))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
ret = binder_ioctl_get_node_info_for_ref(proc, &info);
if (ret < 0)
goto err;
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &info, sizeof(info))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
case BINDER_GET_NODE_DEBUG_INFO: {
struct binder_node_debug_info info;
if (copy_from_user(&info, ubuf, sizeof(info))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
ret = binder_ioctl_get_node_debug_info(proc, &info);
if (ret < 0)
goto err;
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &info, sizeof(info))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto err;
}
break;
}
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
ret = 0;
err:
if (thread)
thread->looper_need_return = false;
wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
if (ret && ret != -ERESTARTSYS)
pr_info("%d:%d ioctl %x %lx returned %d\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg, ret);
err_unlocked:
trace_binder_ioctl_done(ret);
return ret;
}
binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr
检查安全权限，
生成binder_node节点，增加强弱引用计数，
计入context->binder_context_mgr_node = new_node,使servicemanager成为context binder节点，成为binder管理实体。
3)binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler) 守护进程循环处理任务
关键函数有以下三个
binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t)); //写入BC_ENTER_LOOPER，循环标志，把读置空
res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr); //读写
res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func); //解析readbuf
void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
{
int res;
struct binder_write_read bwr;
uint32_t readbuf[32];
bwr.write_size = 0;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.write_buffer = 0;
readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t)); //先写入一个int标识，BC_ENTER_LOOPER//binder_ioctl_write_read copy_from_user copy_to_user
for (;;) {
bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
if (res < 0) {
ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
if (res == 0) {
ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
break;
}
if (res < 0) {
ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
break;
}
}
}
parse处理中几个比较重要的协议标志：
BR_TRANSACTION：事务处理
BR_REPLY： 回复
BR_DEAD_BINDER：死亡通知
BR_TRANSACTION：BINDER向servicemanager发送请求
case BR_TRANSACTION: {
struct binder_transaction_data_secctx txn;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX) {
if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data_secctx)) {
ALOGE("parse: txn too small (binder_transaction_data_secctx)!\n");
return -1;
}
memcpy(&txn, (void*) ptr, sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data_secctx));
ptr += sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data_secctx);
} else /* BR_TRANSACTION */ {
if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data)) {
ALOGE("parse: txn too small (binder_transaction_data)!\n");
return -1;
}
memcpy(&txn.transaction_data, (void*) ptr, sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data));
ptr += sizeof(struct binder_transaction_data);
txn.secctx = 0;
}
binder_dump_txn(&txn.transaction_data);
if (func) {
unsigned rdata[256/4];
struct binder_io msg;
struct binder_io reply;
int res;
bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
bio_init_from_txn(&msg, &txn.transaction_data);
res = func(bs, &txn, &msg, &reply);
if (txn.transaction_data.flags & TF_ONE_WAY) {
binder_free_buffer(bs, txn.transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer);
} else {
binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn.transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer, res);
}
}
break;
}
五、问题记录
1.serviceManager启动，mmap申请128K内存，用户空间申请1M-8K内存:提高小龙，backing store保护页，内核本身的保护页
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