Python 单例类 详解

单利类是指只创建一个实例对象的类。在单利类中，只能通过类的静态方法获取实例对象，而不能通过实例化类来创建对象。单利类常用于需要在全局范围内共享数据的场景，以避免多个实例对象之间数据的冲突。

# class Person:
#     pass
#
#
# # 每次调用类都可以生成一个新的实例
# p1 = Person()
# p2 = Person()
# p3 = Person()
#
# print(p1 is p2, p2 is p3, p3 is p1)


# class Manage(object):
#     instance = None
#
#     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
#         """
#         对构造函数进行控制 不是每次都生成新的实例
#         1. 对类属性instance判断 如果为空 就构造一个实例 并且把实例赋予instance
#         2. 对类属性instance判断 如果不为空 则直接把他返回
#         """
#         if not Manage.instance:
#             Manage.instance = super().__new__(cls)
#         return Manage.instance
#
#     def __init__(self):
#         """初始化函数 初始化实例 向self中添加内容"""
#         print(f"初始化函数执行了")
#
#
# m1 = Manage()
# m2 = Manage()
# print(m1 is m2, m1 is None, m2 is None)


# class BaseManage:
#     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
#         if not hasattr(BaseManage, "instance"):
#             obj = super().__new__(cls)
#             setattr(BaseManage, "instance", obj)
#
#         return getattr(BaseManage, "instance")


# m1 = BaseManage()
# m2 = BaseManage()
# print(m1 is m2)


# class SystemManage(BaseManage):
#     pass
#
# sm1 = SystemManage()
# sm2 = SystemManage()
# print(sm1 is sm2)
# print(isinstance(sm1, SystemManage), isinstance(sm1, BaseManage))