.NET Interface(收集)

1.       ICloneable 

 

说明:浅拷贝指仅拷贝值类型,深拷贝指拷贝值类型和引用类型

class Program
{
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Employee emp1 = new Employee(128, "Tim");
            emp1.HomeAddress = new Address("Guangdong", "Guangzhou", "Haizhu");
            Employee emp2 = (Employee)emp1.Clone();
           
            emp1.ShowInfo();
            emp2.ShowInfo();
            emp2.WorkNum = 200;
            emp2.Name = "Snake";
            emp2.HomeAddress.Street = "Tianhe";
            emp1.ShowInfo();
            emp2.ShowInfo();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
}

class Employee : ICloneable
{
        public int WorkNum;
        public string Name;
        public Address HomeAddress;
        public Employee(int workNum, string name)
        {
            this.WorkNum = workNum;
            this.Name = name;   
        }
        public void ShowInfo()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("WorkNum:{0} Name:{1} HomeAddres:{2} ", this.WorkNum, this.Name, this.HomeAddress);
        }
        // shallow cloning
        //public object Clone()
        //{
        //    Employee emp = new Employee(this.WorkNum, this.Name);
        //    emp.HomeAddress = this.HomeAddress;
        //    return emp;
        //}
        // deep cloning
        public object Clone()
        {
            Employee emp = new Employee(this.WorkNum, this.Name);
            emp.HomeAddress = new Address(this.HomeAddress.Province, this.HomeAddress.City, this.HomeAddress.Street);
            return emp;
        }
    }
    class Address
    {
        public string Province;
        public string City;
        public string Street;
        public Address(string province, string city, string street)
        {
            this.Province = province;
            this.City = city;
            this.Street = street;
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", this.Province, this.City, this.Street);
        }
    }

2.     ICompareable

定义一种特定于类型的通用比较方法，值类型或类通过实现此方法对其实例进行排序。

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
           {
                //Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo("haha"));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IComparable
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }

        #region implement IComparable interface
        public int CompareTo(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is Complex)
            {
                Complex other = (Complex)obj;
                return this.Module().CompareTo(other.Module());
            }
            throw new ArgumentException("Object is not an Complex.");
        }
        #endregion
    }

3.       ICompareableGeneric

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Complex num3 = null;
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
            {
                //Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num3));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IComparable<Complex>
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }

       #region implement IComparable<Complex> generic interface
        public int CompareTo(Complex other)
        {
            if (other == null) throw new NullReferenceException();
            return this.Module().CompareTo(other.Module());
        }
        #endregion

4.       IEquatable 

定义一个通用的方法，由值类型或类实现以创建类型特定的方法，用于确定实例间的相等性。

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num3 = null;
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("num1 Equals num2 ? {0}", num1.Equals(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 Equals num2 ? {0}", num1.Equals("haha"));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IEquatable<Complex>
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
       {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }
       #region implement IEquatable<Complex> interface
        public override bool Equals(object other)
        {
            return Equals(other as Complex);
        }
        public bool Equals(Complex other)
        {
            if (other == null) return false;
            return (this.real == other.real && this.imaginary == other.imaginary);
        }
        #endregion
    }

5.       IFormattable 

提供将对象的值格式化为字符串表示形式的功能。

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1);
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0:N}", num1);
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0:X}", num1);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IFormattable
   {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }

        #region implement IFormattable interface
       public override string ToString() ...{ return ToString(null, null); }
        public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider fp)
        {
            // If no format is passed, display like this: x + yi
            if (format == null) return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
            // For "N" formatting, display like this: (x,y)
            if (format == "N") return string.Format("({0},{1})", this.real, this.imaginary);
           // For any unrecognized format, throw an exception.
            throw new FormatException(string.Format("Invalid format string: '{0}'.", format));
        }
        #endregion
    }

6.       Destructor 

 

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Create();
            Console.WriteLine("After DemoClass created.");
            Console.ReadLine();
            GC.Collect();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void Create()
        {
            DemoClass demo = new DemoClass();
        }
    }
    class DemoClass
    {
        public DemoClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Constructor is called.");
        }
        ~DemoClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Destructor is called.");
        }
    }

7.     IDisposeable

8.     IEnumerator

支持对非泛型集合的简单迭代。

所有继承了IEnumerable的类，要使用foreach迭代器时，就需要使用该方法。因此也只有实现了该接口的类才可以使用foreach。

公共属性

---

	名称	说明
	Current	获取集合中的当前元素。

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公共方法

---

	名称	说明
	MoveNext	将枚举数推进到集合的下一个元素。
	Reset	将枚举数设置为其初始位置，该位置位于集合中第一个元素之前。

 

 

public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator

{

    public Person[] _people;

 

    // Enumerators are positioned before the first element

    // until the first MoveNext() call.

    int position = -1;

 

    public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)

    {

        _people = list;

    }

 

    public bool MoveNext()

    {

        position++;

        return (position < _people.Length);

    }

 

    public void Reset()

    {

        position = -1;

    }

 

    public object Current

    {

        get

        {

            try

            {

                return _people[position];

            }

            catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)

            {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }

        }

    }

}

9.     IEnumerable

返回一个循环访问集合的枚举器。

C# 语言的 foreach 语句（在 Visual Basic 中为 For Each）隐藏了枚举数的复杂性。因此，建议使用 foreach，而不是直接操作枚举数。

枚举数可用于读取集合中的数据，但不能用于修改基础集合。

public class People : IEnumerable

{

    private Person[] _people;

    public People(Person[] pArray)

    {

        _people = new Person[pArray.Length];

 

        for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)

        {

            _people[i] = pArray[i];

        }

    }

 

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()

        {

            return new PeopleEnum(_people);

        }

}

 

10.           ICollection

实现ICollection的范例

自定义
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections;
 3
 4 namespace Relaction.Collections
 5 {
 6     /**//// <summary>
 7     /// 
 8     /// </summary>
 9     public class MyCollections:ICollection
10      {
11         private string[] _list;
12         private object _root = new object();
13         public MyCollections()
14          {
15             _list = new string[3] {"1","2","3"};
16         }
17         ICollection 成员#region ICollection 成员
18
19         public bool IsSynchronized
20          {
21             get
22              {
23                 return true;
24             }
25         }
26
27         public int Count
28          {
29             get
30              {
31                 return _list.Length;
32             }
33         }
34
35         public void CopyTo(Array array, int index)
36          {
37             _list.CopyTo(array,index);
38         }
39
40         public object SyncRoot
41          {
42             get
43              {
44                 return _root;
45             }
46         }
47
48         #endregion
49
50         IEnumerable 成员#region IEnumerable 成员
51
52         public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
53          {
54             return _list.GetEnumerator();
55         }
56
57         #endregion
58     }
59 }
60

客户代码：

客户代码
1     private void button7_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
2          {
3            Relaction.Collections.MyCollections c = new Relaction.Collections.MyCollections();
4             foreach(string s in c)
5              {
6                 label1.Text += s.ToString();
7             }
8         }