一、初始化
1、完全初始化(也可内部省略花括号)
float rain[5][12]={
{4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6},
{8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3},
{9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4},
{7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2},
{7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2}
};
2、部分初始化
(1)使用内部花括号(后面没有被初始化的元素默认初始化为0)
int sq[2][3]={{5,6},{7,8}};
5 | 6 | 0 |
7 | 8 | 0 |
(2)初始化时也可省略内部的花括号,只保留最外面的一对花括号。只要保证初始化的数值个数正确,初始化效果相同。
按先后顺序逐行初始化,后面没有值初始化的元素统一初始化为0。
int sq[2][3]={5,6,7,8};
5 | 6 | 7 |
8 | 0 | 0 |
二、例题
已知2010~2014年每月降水量,求5年平均降水量,每年平均降水量,5年内每月平均降水量。
解:设二维数组rain[5][12]
当求每年平均降水量时,rain[years][months],内层循环month++
当求5年内每月平均降水量时,rain[years][months],内层循环years++
#include<stdio.h>
#define MONTHS 12
#define YEARS 5
int main(){
float subtot=0.0;
float tot=0.0;
const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS]={
{4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6},
{8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3},
{9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4},
{7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2},
{7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2}
};
printf(" YEAR each year rain subtotol\n");
for(int i=0;i<YEARS;i++){
subtot=0.0;
for(int j=0;j<MONTHS;j++){
subtot+=rain[i][j];
}
printf("%5d %15.1f\n",2010+i,subtot);//每年平均降水量
tot+=subtot;
}
printf("The five years rain average totol is %4.1f\n",tot/YEARS);//5年平均降水量
for(int i=0;i<MONTHS;i++){
subtot=0;
for(int j=0;j<YEARS;j++){
subtot+=rain[j][i];//注意i/j的位置,years在前,month在后,每月平均降水量
}
printf("%4.1f ",subtot/YEARS);
}
return 0;
}
运行结果