文章目录
保持热爱、奔赴山河
13、注解配置SpringMVC
使用配置类和注解代替web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件的功能
13.1、创建初始化类,代替web.xml
在 Servlet3.0 环境中,容器会在类路径中查找实现 javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer 接口的类,如果找到的话就用它来配置 Servlet 容器。
Spring 提供了这个接口的实现,名为 SpringServletContainerInitializer ,这个类反过来又会查找实现 WebApplicationInitializer 的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。
Spring3.2 引入了一个便利的 WebApplicationInitializer 基础实现,名为 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer ,当我们的类扩展了 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer 并将其部署到 Servlet3.0 容器的时候,容器会自动发现它,并用它来配置Servlet上下文。
package pers.tianyu.config;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
/**
* 用来代替web.xml
*/
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
// 指定spring的配置类
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
@Override
// 指定SpringMVC的配置类
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
@Override
// 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
@Override
//添加过滤器
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
//创建编码过滤器
CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
characterEncodingFilter.setForceRequestEncoding(true);
//创建处理请求方式的过滤器
HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
}
}
13.2、创建SpringConfig配置类,代替spring的配置文件
package pers.tianyu.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration //将类标识为配置类,代替spring的配置文件
public class SpringConfig {
//ssm整合之后,spring的配置信息写在此类中
}
13.3、创建WebConfig配置类,代替SpringMVC的配置文件
package pers.tianyu.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;
import pers.tianyu.interceptor.FirstInterceptor;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
@Configuration //将类标识为配置类,代替springmvc的配置文件
@ComponentScan("pers.tianyu.controller") //扫面组件
@EnableWebMvc//开启MVC的注解驱动
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
//使用默认的servlet处理静态资源
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
@Override
//配置视图控制
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
}
@Bean //@Bean注解可以将标识的方法的返回值作为bean进行管理,bean的id为方法的方法名
//配置文件上传解析器
public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
}
@Override
//配置拦截器
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
FirstInterceptor firstInterceptor = new FirstInterceptor();
registry.addInterceptor(firstInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
@Override
//配置异常映射
public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");
//设置异常映射
exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
//设置共享异常信息的键
exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
}
//配置生成模板解析器
@Bean
public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
return templateResolver;
}
//生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
return templateEngine;
}
//生成视图解析器并为解析器注入模板引擎
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
return viewResolver;
}
}
13.4、测试功能
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎欢迎
</body>
</html>