迭代器模式如何理解,不暴露集合底层表现形式的情况下遍历集合中多有的元素,然而在先生世界中,譬如你出去旅游,你要参观主要旅游景点,可是你到达目的地后,你可能要发较多的时间去找如何到达你目的地的地方,你可能会 找当地导游给你进行内容详细接受,你可以能使用 手机导航,或者使用自由行走 模式。走到哪算到哪。其实这就是由这个景区提供给你的集合迭代器。而这模型在 Java 代码中非常常见。许多框架和库使用它来提供遍历其集合的标准方法。在java中使用的有:
java.util.Iterator(以及 java.util.Scanner)的所有实现。
java.util.Enumeration 的所有实现。
下面举一个例子:、
迭代社交网络配置文件
在此示例中,迭代器模式用于检查远程社交网络集合的社交配置文件,而不向客户端代码公开任何通信详细信息。
public class Profile {
private String name;
private String email;
private Map<String, List<String>> contacts = new HashMap<>();
public Profile(String email, String name, String... contacts) {
this.email = email;
this.name = name;
// Parse contact list from a set of "friend:email@gmail.com" pairs.
for (String contact : contacts) {
String[] parts = contact.split(":");
String contactType = "friend", contactEmail;
if (parts.length == 1) {
contactEmail = parts[0];
}
else {
contactType = parts[0];
contactEmail = parts[1];
}
if (!this.contacts.containsKey(contactType)) {
this.contacts.put(contactType, new ArrayList<>());
}
this.contacts.get(contactType).add(contactEmail);
}
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public List<String> getContacts(String contactType) {
if (!this.contacts.containsKey(contactType)) {
this.contacts.put(contactType, new ArrayList<>());
}
return contacts.get(contactType);
}
}
定义迭代器接口:
public interface ProfileIterator {
boolean hasNext();
Profile getNext();
void reset();
}
public interface SocialNetwork {
ProfileIterator createFriendsIterator(String profileEmail);
ProfileIterator createCoworkersIterator(String profileEmail);
}
入口:
public class SocialSpammer {
public SocialNetwork network;
public ProfileIterator iterator;
public SocialSpammer(SocialNetwork network) {
this.network = network;
}
public void sendSpamToFriends(String profileEmail, String message) {
System.out.println("\nIterating over friends...\n");
iterator = network.createFriendsIterator(profileEmail);
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Profile profile = iterator.getNext();
sendMessage(profile.getEmail(), message);
}
}
public void sendSpamToCoworkers(String profileEmail, String message) {
System.out.println("\nIterating over coworkers...\n");
iterator = network.createCoworkersIterator(profileEmail);
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Profile profile = iterator.getNext();
sendMessage(profile.getEmail(), message);
}
}
public void sendMessage(String email, String message) {
System.out.println("Sent message to: '" + email + "'. Message body: '" + message + "'");
}
}
实现方式:
public class Facebook implements SocialNetwork {
private List<Profile> profiles;
public Facebook(List<Profile> cache) {
if (cache != null) {
this.profiles = cache;
} else {
this.profiles = new ArrayList<>();
}
}
public Profile requestProfileFromFacebook(String profileEmail) {
// Here would be a POST request to one of the Facebook API endpoints.
// Instead, we emulates long network connection, which you would expect
// in the real life...
simulateNetworkLatency();
System.out.println("Facebook: Loading profile '" + profileEmail + "' over the network...");
// ...and return test data.
return findProfile(profileEmail);
}
public List<String> requestProfileFriendsFromFacebook(String profileEmail, String contactType) {
// Here would be a POST request to one of the Facebook API endpoints.
// Instead, we emulates long network connection, which you would expect
// in the real life...
simulateNetworkLatency();
System.out.println("Facebook: Loading '" + contactType + "' list of '" + profileEmail + "' over the network...");
// ...and return test data.
Profile profile = findProfile(profileEmail);
if (profile != null) {
return profile.getContacts(contactType);
}
return null;
}
private Profile findProfile(String profileEmail) {
for (Profile profile : profiles) {
if (profile.getEmail().equals(profileEmail)) {
return profile;
}
}
return null;
}
private void simulateNetworkLatency() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2500);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public ProfileIterator createFriendsIterator(String profileEmail) {
return new FacebookIterator(this, "friends", profileEmail);
}
@Override
public ProfileIterator createCoworkersIterator(String profileEmail) {
return new FacebookIterator(this, "coworkers", profileEmail);
}
}
public class FacebookIterator implements ProfileIterator {
private Facebook facebook;
private String type;
private String email;
private int currentPosition = 0;
private List<String> emails = new ArrayList<>();
private List<Profile> profiles = new ArrayList<>();
public FacebookIterator(Facebook facebook, String type, String email) {
this.facebook = facebook;
this.type = type;
this.email = email;
}
private void lazyLoad() {
if (emails.size() == 0) {
List<String> profiles = facebook.requestProfileFriendsFromFacebook(this.email, this.type);
for (String profile : profiles) {
this.emails.add(profile);
this.profiles.add(null);
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
lazyLoad();
return currentPosition < emails.size();
}
@Override
public Profile getNext() {
if (!hasNext()) {
return null;
}
String friendEmail = emails.get(currentPosition);
Profile friendProfile = profiles.get(currentPosition);
if (friendProfile == null) {
friendProfile = facebook.requestProfileFromFacebook(friendEmail);
profiles.set(currentPosition, friendProfile);
}
currentPosition++;
return friendProfile;
}
@Override
public void reset() {
currentPosition = 0;
}
}
public class LinkedIn implements SocialNetwork {
private List<Profile> contacts;
public LinkedIn(List<Profile> cache) {
if (cache != null) {
this.contacts = cache;
} else {
this.contacts = new ArrayList<>();
}
}
public Profile requestContactInfoFromLinkedInAPI(String profileEmail) {
// Here would be a POST request to one of the LinkedIn API endpoints.
// Instead, we emulates long network connection, which you would expect
// in the real life...
simulateNetworkLatency();
System.out.println("LinkedIn: Loading profile '" + profileEmail + "' over the network...");
// ...and return test data.
return findContact(profileEmail);
}
public List<String> requestRelatedContactsFromLinkedInAPI(String profileEmail, String contactType) {
// Here would be a POST request to one of the LinkedIn API endpoints.
// Instead, we emulates long network connection, which you would expect
// in the real life.
simulateNetworkLatency();
System.out.println("LinkedIn: Loading '" + contactType + "' list of '" + profileEmail + "' over the network...");
// ...and return test data.
Profile profile = findContact(profileEmail);
if (profile != null) {
return profile.getContacts(contactType);
}
return null;
}
private Profile findContact(String profileEmail) {
for (Profile profile : contacts) {
if (profile.getEmail().equals(profileEmail)) {
return profile;
}
}
return null;
}
private void simulateNetworkLatency() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2500);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public ProfileIterator createFriendsIterator(String profileEmail) {
return new LinkedInIterator(this, "friends", profileEmail);
}
@Override
public ProfileIterator createCoworkersIterator(String profileEmail) {
return new LinkedInIterator(this, "coworkers", profileEmail);
}
}
public class LinkedInIterator implements ProfileIterator {
private LinkedIn linkedIn;
private String type;
private String email;
private int currentPosition = 0;
private List<String> emails = new ArrayList<>();
private List<Profile> contacts = new ArrayList<>();
public LinkedInIterator(LinkedIn linkedIn, String type, String email) {
this.linkedIn = linkedIn;
this.type = type;
this.email = email;
}
private void lazyLoad() {
if (emails.size() == 0) {
List<String> profiles = linkedIn.requestRelatedContactsFromLinkedInAPI(this.email, this.type);
for (String profile : profiles) {
this.emails.add(profile);
this.contacts.add(null);
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
lazyLoad();
return currentPosition < emails.size();
}
@Override
public Profile getNext() {
if (!hasNext()) {
return null;
}
String friendEmail = emails.get(currentPosition);
Profile friendContact = contacts.get(currentPosition);
if (friendContact == null) {
friendContact = linkedIn.requestContactInfoFromLinkedInAPI(friendEmail);
contacts.set(currentPosition, friendContact);
}
currentPosition++;
return friendContact;
}
@Override
public void reset() {
currentPosition = 0;
}
}
测试:
public static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Please specify social network to target spam tool (default:Facebook):");
System.out.println("1. Facebook");
System.out.println("2. LinkedIn");
String choice = scanner.nextLine();
SocialNetwork network;
if (choice.equals("2")) {
network = new LinkedIn(createTestProfiles());
}
else {
network = new Facebook(createTestProfiles());
}
SocialSpammer spammer = new SocialSpammer(network);
spammer.sendSpamToFriends("anna.smith@bing.com",
"Hey! This is Anna's friend Josh. Can you do me a favor and like this post [link]?");
spammer.sendSpamToCoworkers("anna.smith@bing.com",
"Hey! This is Anna's boss Jason. Anna told me you would be interested in [link].");
}
public static List<Profile> createTestProfiles() {
List<Profile> data = new ArrayList<Profile>();
data.add(new Profile("anna.smith@bing.com", "Anna Smith", "friends:mad_max@ya.com", "friends:catwoman@yahoo.com", "coworkers:sam@amazon.com"));
data.add(new Profile("mad_max@ya.com", "Maximilian", "friends:anna.smith@bing.com", "coworkers:sam@amazon.com"));
data.add(new Profile("bill@microsoft.eu", "Billie", "coworkers:avanger@ukr.net"));
data.add(new Profile("avanger@ukr.net", "John Day", "coworkers:bill@microsoft.eu"));
data.add(new Profile("sam@amazon.com", "Sam Kitting", "coworkers:anna.smith@bing.com", "coworkers:mad_max@ya.com", "friends:catwoman@yahoo.com"));
data.add(new Profile("catwoman@yahoo.com", "Liza", "friends:anna.smith@bing.com", "friends:sam@amazon.com"));
return data;
}
测试结果:
Please specify social network to target spam tool (default:Facebook):
1. Facebook
2. LinkedIn
2Iterating over friends...
LinkedIn: Loading 'friends' list of 'anna.smith@bing.com' over the network...
LinkedIn: Loading profile 'mad_max@ya.com' over the network...
Sent message to: 'mad_max@ya.com'. Message body: 'Hey! This is Anna's friend Josh. Can you do me a favor and like this post [link]?'
LinkedIn: Loading profile 'catwoman@yahoo.com' over the network...
Sent message to: 'catwoman@yahoo.com'. Message body: 'Hey! This is Anna's friend Josh. Can you do me a favor and like this post [link]?'Iterating over coworkers...
LinkedIn: Loading 'coworkers' list of 'anna.smith@bing.com' over the network...
LinkedIn: Loading profile 'sam@amazon.com' over the network...
Sent message to: 'sam@amazon.com'. Message body: 'Hey! This is Anna's boss Jason. Anna told me you would be interested in [link].'