设计模式-生成器模式(建造者模式)-(Builder)

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已于 2024-09-23 09:35:02 修改

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文章标签：设计模式建造者模式

于 2024-09-23 00:33:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhao_kang_cheng/article/details/142433967

版权

生成器模式是一种创建型设计模式，使你能够分步骤创建复杂对象。该模式允许你使用相同的创建代码生成不同类型和形式的对象。就像流水线的组装机器人一样，一件产品组装分成好几部，每一个工位组装不同的内容。

问题：

譬如你开了一家公司，专门承接私人建房，建房有的人要求：自带车库的房子、

带游泳池的房子、装饰豪华的房子和带花园的房子等等。如果你基于这些创建了一个构造函数：

House(windows,doors,rooms,hasGarage,hasSwimPool,hasStatues,hasGraden,...) ->{

new House(4,2,4,true,null,null,null,...)

new House(4,2,4,true,true,true,true,...)

} 。拥有大量输入参数的构造函数也有缺陷：这些参数也不是每次都要全部用上.

通常情况下，绝大部分的参数都没有使用，这使得对于构造函数的调用十分不简介。例如，只有很少的房子有游泳池，因此与游泳相关的参数十之八九是毫无用去的。

解决办法：

生成器模式建议将对象构造代码从产品类中抽取出来，并将其放在一个名为生成器的独立对象中。

例如改成：HouserBuilder{

buildWalls(),buildDoors(),buildWindows(),buildRoof(),buildGarage(),getResult():House

}

生成器模式让你能够分步骤创建复杂对象。生成器不允许其他对象访问正在创建中的产品。

该模式会将对象构造过程划分为一组步骤，比如 buildWalls创建墙壁和 buildDoor创建房门创建房门等。每次创建对象时，你都需要通过生成器对象执行一系列步骤。重点在于你无需调用所有步骤，而只需调用创建特定对象配置所需的那些步骤即可。

当你需要创建不同形式的产品时，其中的一些构造步骤可能需要不同的实现。例如，木屋的房门可能需要使用木头制造，而城堡的房门则必须使用石头制造。

在这种情况下，你可以创建多个不同的生成器，用不同方式实现一组相同的创建步骤。然后你就可以在创建过程中使用这些生成器（例如按顺序调用多个构造步骤）来生成不同类型的对象。

生成器模式结构

使用示例：生成器模式是 Java 世界中的一个著名模式。当你需要创建一个可能有许多配置选项的对象时，该模式会特别有用。生成器在 Java 核心程序库中得到了广泛的应用： java.lang.StringBuilder#append() （非同步）

java.lang.StringBuffer#append() （同步）

java.nio.ByteBuffer#put() （还有 CharBuffer、 ShortBuffer、 IntBuffer、 LongBuffer、 FloatBuffer 和 DoubleBuffer）

javax.swing.GroupLayout.Group#addComponent()

java.lang.Appendable的所有实现识别方法：

生成器模式可以通过类来识别，它拥有一个构建方法和多个配置结果对象的方法。生成器方法通常支持方法链（例如 someBuilder.setValueA(1).setValueB(2).create()）。

上代码：

public interface Builder {
    void setCarType(CarType type);
    void setSeats(int seats);
    void setEngine(Engine engine);
    void setTransmission(Transmission transmission);
    void setTripComputer(TripComputer tripComputer);
    void setGPSNavigator(GPSNavigator gpsNavigator);
}

public class CarBuilder implements Builder {
    private CarType type;
    private int seats;
    private Engine engine;
    private Transmission transmission;
    private TripComputer tripComputer;
    private GPSNavigator gpsNavigator;

    public void setCarType(CarType type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public void setSeats(int seats) {
        this.seats = seats;
    }

    @Override
    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransmission(Transmission transmission) {
        this.transmission = transmission;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTripComputer(TripComputer tripComputer) {
        this.tripComputer = tripComputer;
    }

    @Override
    public void setGPSNavigator(GPSNavigator gpsNavigator) {
        this.gpsNavigator = gpsNavigator;
    }

    public Car getResult() {
        return new Car(type, seats, engine, transmission, tripComputer, gpsNavigator);
    }
}

public class CarManualBuilder implements Builder{
    private CarType type;
    private int seats;
    private Engine engine;
    private Transmission transmission;
    private TripComputer tripComputer;
    private GPSNavigator gpsNavigator;

    @Override
    public void setCarType(CarType type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public void setSeats(int seats) {
        this.seats = seats;
    }

    @Override
    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransmission(Transmission transmission) {
        this.transmission = transmission;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTripComputer(TripComputer tripComputer) {
        this.tripComputer = tripComputer;
    }

    @Override
    public void setGPSNavigator(GPSNavigator gpsNavigator) {
        this.gpsNavigator = gpsNavigator;
    }

    public Manual getResult() {
        return new Manual(type, seats, engine, transmission, tripComputer, gpsNavigator);
    }
}

产品

public class Car {
    private final CarType carType;
    private final int seats;
    private final Engine engine;
    private final Transmission transmission;
    private final TripComputer tripComputer;
    private final GPSNavigator gpsNavigator;
    private double fuel = 0;

    public Car(CarType carType, int seats, Engine engine, Transmission transmission,
               TripComputer tripComputer, GPSNavigator gpsNavigator) {
        this.carType = carType;
        this.seats = seats;
        this.engine = engine;
        this.transmission = transmission;
        this.tripComputer = tripComputer;
        if (this.tripComputer != null) {
            this.tripComputer.setCar(this);
        }
        this.gpsNavigator = gpsNavigator;
    }

    public CarType getCarType() {
        return carType;
    }

    public double getFuel() {
        return fuel;
    }

    public void setFuel(double fuel) {
        this.fuel = fuel;
    }

    public int getSeats() {
        return seats;
    }

    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }

    public Transmission getTransmission() {
        return transmission;
    }

    public TripComputer getTripComputer() {
        return tripComputer;
    }

    public GPSNavigator getGpsNavigator() {
        return gpsNavigator;
    }
}

产品特征

public class Engine {
    private final double volume;
    private double mileage;
    private boolean started;

    public Engine(double volume, double mileage) {
        this.volume = volume;
        this.mileage = mileage;
    }

    public void on() {
        started = true;
    }

    public void off() {
        started = false;
    }

    public boolean isStarted() {
        return started;
    }

    public void go(double mileage) {
        if (started) {
            this.mileage += mileage;
        } else {
            System.err.println("Cannot go(), you must start engine first!");
        }
    }

    public double getVolume() {
        return volume;
    }

    public double getMileage() {
        return mileage;
    }
}

主管控制生成器

public class Director {

    public void constructSportsCar(Builder builder) {
        builder.setCarType(CarType.SPORTS_CAR);
        builder.setSeats(2);
        builder.setEngine(new Engine(3.0, 0));
        builder.setTransmission(Transmission.SEMI_AUTOMATIC);
        builder.setTripComputer(new TripComputer());
        builder.setGPSNavigator(new GPSNavigator());
    }

    public void constructCityCar(Builder builder) {
        builder.setCarType(CarType.CITY_CAR);
        builder.setSeats(2);
        builder.setEngine(new Engine(1.2, 0));
        builder.setTransmission(Transmission.AUTOMATIC);
        builder.setTripComputer(new TripComputer());
        builder.setGPSNavigator(new GPSNavigator());
    }

    public void constructSUV(Builder builder) {
        builder.setCarType(CarType.SUV);
        builder.setSeats(4);
        builder.setEngine(new Engine(2.5, 0));
        builder.setTransmission(Transmission.MANUAL);
        builder.setGPSNavigator(new GPSNavigator());
    }
}

客户端代码

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Director director = new Director();

        CarBuilder builder = new CarBuilder();
        director.constructSportsCar(builder);

    
        Car car = builder.getResult();
        System.out.println("Car built:\n" + car.getCarType());


        CarManualBuilder manualBuilder = new CarManualBuilder();

        // Director may know several building recipes.
        director.constructSportsCar(manualBuilder);
        Manual carManual = manualBuilder.getResult();
        System.out.println("\nCar manual built:\n" + carManual.print());
    }

}

执行结果：

Car built:
SPORTS_CAR

Car manual built:
Type of car: SPORTS_CAR
Count of seats: 2
Engine: volume - 3.0; mileage - 0.0
Transmission: SEMI_AUTOMATIC
Trip Computer: Functional
GPS Navigator: Functional