微服务之间通信的选择之gRPC

介绍

gRPC是一种与语言无关的高性能远程过程调用 (RPC) 框架。

gRPC 的主要优点是：

• 现代高性能轻量级 RPC 框架。
• 协定优先 API 开发，默认使用协议缓冲区，允许与语言无关的实现。
• 可用于多种语言的工具，以生成强类型服务器和客户端。
• 支持客户端、服务器和双向流式处理调用。
• 使用 Protobuf 二进制序列化减少对网络的使用。

这些优点使 gRPC 适用于：

• 效率至关重要的轻量级微服务。
• 需要多种语言用于开发的 Polyglot 系统。
• 需要处理流式处理请求或响应的点对点实时服务。

以上摘自Microsoft Document

.NET中gRPC的简单使用

ASP.NET Core中 gRPC Server 配置：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddGrpc();
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapGrpcService<GreeterService>();
    });
}

ASP.NET Core中 gRPC Server 服务类：

public class GreeterService : Greeter.GreeterBase
{
    private readonly ILogger<GreeterService> _logger;
    public GreeterService(ILogger<GreeterService> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public override Task<HelloReply> SayHello(HelloRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(new HelloReply
        {
            Message = "Hello " + request.Name
        });
    }
}

greet.proto

syntax = "proto3";

option csharp_namespace = "GrpcServer";

package Greet;

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply);
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings.
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

有关 protobuf 文件语法的详细信息，参考官方文档（protobuf）

客户端：
添加对应的包，复制服务端的proto文件并配置：

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Google.Protobuf" Version="3.9.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.Net.Client" Version="2.23.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="Grpc.Tools" Version="2.24.0">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
    <Protobuf Include="Protos\greet.proto" GrpcServices="Client" />
  </ItemGroup>

直接生成客户端项目即可根据proto生成对应的类文件。
然后通过如下代码进行调用：

static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
    var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
    var client = new Greeter.GreeterClient(channel);
    var reply = await client.SayHelloAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "张三" });
    Console.WriteLine(reply.Message);
}

运行程序：

proto中标量值类型与C#对应关系

.proto Type	C# Type	Notes
double	double
float	float
int32	int	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint32 instead.
int64	long	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint64 instead.
uint32	uint	Uses variable-length encoding.
uint64	ulong	Uses variable-length encoding.
sint32	int	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int32s.
sint64	long	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int64s.
fixed32	uint	Always four bytes. More efficient than uint32 if values are often greater than $2^{28}$.
fixed64	ulong	Always eight bytes. More efficient than uint64 if values are often greater than $2^{56}$ .
sfixed32	int	Always four bytes.
sfixed64	long	Always eight bytes.
bool	bool
string	string	A string must always contain UTF-8 encoded or 7-bit ASCII text, and cannot be longer than $2^{32}$.
bytes	ByteString	May contain any arbitrary sequence of bytes no longer than $2^{32}$.