配置python环境变量、虚拟环境

Centos安装Python3.6

1.安装组。在终端运行命令yum groupinstall "Python Tools"。参考：http://prefetch.net/blog/index.php/2006/07/23/viewing-package-groupings-with-yum/
2.安装Python依赖包。运行yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
3.创建文件并进入。如：mkdir tools && cd tools
4.下载python3.6。wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz
5.解压。tar -zxf Python-3.6.1.tgz
6.进入目录。cd Python-3.6.1
7.默认配置。./configure
8.安装。make && make install
9.删除编译时需要的依赖包。yum remove zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel。注意：--remove-leaves 可能报错，去掉后可执行
10.删除编译时需要的组。yum groupremove "Python Tools"。注意：--remove-leaves 可能报错，去掉后可执行
11.install pip。运行命令"wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py，然后python get-pip.py"
12.设置别名。alias py=python3

虚拟环境virtualenv & virtualenvwrapper

1.安装虚拟环境。pip install virtualenv && pip install virtualenvwrapper
2.配置环境变量：

• 先创建一个虚拟环境存放的文件夹：mkdir ~/Envs
• 进入.bash_profile文件，vim .bash_profile，将
  “export WORKON_HOME=~/Envs
  source /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh”
  这段内容添加到.bash_profile中，virtualenvwrapper.sh的可能会安装在其它路径，可以通过which 查找
• 使配置生效。source .bash_profile
• 创建一个新环境。mkvirtualenv py36 -p python3.6，创建一个python3的环境