spinlock简单介绍
介绍锁的代码前,先解释几个概念:
deadlock: 访问临界区的进程,由于锁获取顺序问题,造成死锁,进程无法得到执行。即最明显的例子:AB BA问题;
livelock: 由于单个进程长时间无法获取到锁,造成进程饥饿现象。最明显的原因是由于spin_lock的优先级,造成某一个进程无法获取锁。
spinlock结构体:
typedef struct spinlock {
union {
struct raw_spinlock rlock;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
#define LOCK_PADSIZE (offsetof(struct raw_spinlock, dep_map))
struct {
u8 __padding[LOCK_PADSIZE];
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
};
#endif
};
} spinlock_t;
raw_spinlock结构体:
typedef struct raw_spinlock {
arch_spinlock_t raw_lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK
unsigned int break_lock;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK
unsigned int magic, owner_cpu;
void *owner;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
#endif
} raw_spinlock_t;
spin_lock最终调用__raw_spin_lock
static inline void __raw_spin_lock(raw_spinlock_t *lock)
{
preempt_disable();
spin_acquire(&lock->dep_map, 0, 0, RET_IP);
LOCK_CONTENDED(lock, do_raw_spin_trylock, do_raw_spin_lock);
}
spin_lock调用关系:
spin_lock
__raw_spin_lock
do_raw_spin_trylock(if ture, return)
do_raw_spin_lock
arch_spin_trylock(在指定循环次数内,如果拿到锁,return;)
arch_spin_lock(最终陷入循环,尝试获取锁)
如果arch_spin_trylock在指定循环次数内,无法获取到锁,则认为陷入livelock。
后续介绍内核中有关并发中锁的使用:
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-lockfree/index.html
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-assembly/index.html