Linux命令手记

[L]为方法 [Q]是问题点 [A]为解决办法

基础命令

[cd]进入某个文件夹
[ls]显示、列出
[reboot]重启
[fdisk -l]查看磁盘

CentOS

[Q]rpm 签名问题，无法安装(警告：.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID : NOKEY)
[A]rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

[L]查看现有服务：systemctl list-unit-files --type=service
[L]添加更新源：#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[L]更新系统#yum update;
[L]让系统支持NTFS：#sudo yum install ntfs-3g
[L]启动网卡
1.查看都有哪些网卡
#cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
#ls
2.编辑网卡配置文件
#vi ifcfg-ens33
3.找到ONBOOT=no ，修改为ONBOOT=yes然后保存退出。
4.重启网络服务
#service network restart
[L]VI使用方法：i 进入编辑模式；Esc退出编辑模式；“:wq”保存并退出
[L]复制目录
#cp -Rf /home/user1/* /root/temp/
[L]挂载优盘
1.简历目录
#mkdir /mnt/usb
2.查看硬盘
#fdisk -l
#df -h
3.挂载目录
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
[L]安装图形界面GUI“王八”
#yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools"
#ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
#reboot
[L]启动KVM管理器
#virt-manager
[L]文件权限
chmod 777 *.*
[A] 调整分区
首先卸载无用分区，需要提前备份
#umount /home
删除Home分区
#lvremove /dev/mapper/centos-home
给root分区增加空间
#lvextend -L +300G /dev/mapper/centos-root
扩容
#xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
重建Home分区
#lvcreate -L 200G -n home centos
创建文件系统
#mkfs.xfs /dev/centos/home
重新挂载
#mount /dev/centos/home /home
安装exfat
#sudo yum install epel-release
#sudo rpm -v --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro
#sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
#sudo yum install exfat-utils fuse-exfat
`

Ubuntu

查看版本：

因为Ubuntu每个版本更新源不同 首先查看版本
#**lsb_release -a**
记录Codename，如hirsute

替换源的：

执行sudo gedit ‘/etc/apt/sources.list’
进入编辑器，将下面模板中的codename替换成自己版本的，然后复制进去并保存

#阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#源码
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ codename-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#清华大学源
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#源码
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ codename-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新：

保存后再次更新即可
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

允许Root登陆

#sudo gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
粘贴进去
greeter-show-manual-login=true #手工输入登陆系统的用户名和密码
all-guest=false #不允许guest登录（可选）