三十三、Spring webmvc 学习总结

Spring webmvc框架真是一柄利器，让web应用的开发变得如此简单美妙。

如何使用MVC框架，其内部原理又是怎样的呢？

下面首先写个最简单的小例子，周末小玩具，玩具小巧却能小跑；）

1.      New  Java Project named MVC.

2.      Web.xml的配置

 

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

 

<web-appversion="2.4"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee

    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <context-param>

        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>

        <param-value>www.root</param-value>

    </context-param>

    <context-param>

        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

        <param-value>

            classpath*:spring-*.xml,

            classpath*:/spring/*.xml

        </param-value>

    </context-param>

   

    <listener>

    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

    </listener>

 

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

   

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

         

</web-app

3.      Spring-servlet.xml

 

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd

   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"

    default-autowire="byName">

   

   <context:component-scanbase-package="com.exercise"/>

   

   

    <beanid="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <propertyname="prefix"value="/"/>

        <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/>

    </bean>

   

</beans>

4.      Pom.xml:

 

<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>exercise</groupId>

<artifactId>exercise-wwwmvc-webapp</artifactId>

<packaging>war</packaging>

<version>2.0.0</version>

<name>spring-wwwmvc-webapp</name>

<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>

           <org.springframework.version>3.0.3.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>

</properties>

<dependencies>

          

           <dependency>

                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

                    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

                    <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

           </dependency>

           <dependency>

                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

                    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>

                    <version>2.4</version>

           </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>

           <finalName>webmvc</finalName>

           <plugins>

                    <plugin>

                             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

                             <version>2.3.2</version>

                             <configuration>

                                       <source>1.6</source>

                                       <target>1.6</target>

                                       <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>

                             </configuration>

                    </plugin>

 

                    <plugin>

                             <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>

                             <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>

                             <version>6.1.26</version>

                             <configuration>

                                       <webApp>${basedir}/target/www</webApp>

                                       <contextPath>/</contextPath>

                                       <scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>

                             </configuration>

                    </plugin>

           </plugins>

           <resources>

                    <resource>

                             <directory>src/main/java</directory>

                             <includes>

                                       <include>**/*.xml</include>

                             </includes>

                    </resource>

                    <resource>

                             <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

                             <includes>

                                       <include>**/*.xml</include>

                                       <include>**/*.properties</include>

                             </includes>

                    </resource>

           </resources>

</build>

 

</project>

5.      Nick1.jsp(src/main/webapp)

 

<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglibprefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

<%@ taglibprefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>

 

<div>

   <form method="post" action="/nickOperate">

        <input  name="nick"  type="text"  value="${nick}">

        <button type="submit"  style="width:90px;height:25px;">提交</button>

        </br>

   </form>

</div>

6.      NickController

 

package com.exercise.mvc;

 

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

 

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

@Controller

public classNickController {

   

   @RequestMapping("/nickOperate")

   publicString processNick(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {

    String nick = request.getParameter("nick");

    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    request.setAttribute("time", df.format(new Date()));

    request.setAttribute("nick", nick);

    return "hello2";

   }

}

 

 

7.      Hello2.jsp

 

<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglibprefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

<%@ taglibprefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>

 

<div>

    <span>hello</span>${nick}<span>, now time is ${time}</span>

</div>

 

8.      启动jetty服务器

9.      浏览器直接输入http://127.0.0.1/nick1.jsp

 

然后再输入框中写上昵称，点击提交，就会跳转到问好页面：

下面要剖开现象看下本质啦，来看看我们引入的DispatcherServlet类中到底都做了什么？

 <servlet>

        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

DispatcherServlet这个servlet的doService（）方法：

1. 往request中放入WebApplicationContext、localeResolver、themeResolver、themeSource

2. 多重检查入参

3. 从HandlerMapping中根据入参request获取对应的handler后（如果没有对应的handler则返回404错误），获取handler的interceptors。首先对每个拦截器执行预处理，然后取得handler对应的HandlerAdapter，执行其handle方法，返回执行结果ModelAndView。（如果ModelAndView为null则根据request返回默认的ModelAndView），最后执行每个拦截器的后处理方法。

4. 根据ModelAndView进行render跳转。

就是说spring webmvc框架已经帮我们做了如下工作：http请求一进来就被DispatcherServlet拦截下来，根据请求参数依次从DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping、SimpleUrlHandlerMapping、或者默认Handler中获取控制器，取到控制器相应的拦截器HandlerInterceptor，来依据规则分发到目标Controller（相当于Action）来处理，再下来就是Controller调配ModelAndView了。