解析URL的各种方法和获取随机字符串

URL https://www.baidu.com/search?id=001&title=特色产品&type=01

1. window.location.href https://www.baidu.com/search?id=001&title=特色产品&type=01
2. window.location.protocol https
3. window.location.host www.baidu.com
4. window.location.port 空字符串 80端口与未设置端口都返回空字符串
5. window.location.pathname /search
6. window.location.search ?id=001&title=特色产品&type=01

URL https://www.baidu.com/#/search?id=001&title=特色产品&type=01

7. window.location.hash #/search?id=001&title=特色产品&type=01

获取11位随机字符串（其余长度可以由11位剪切拼接）

Math.random().toString(36).substring(2);