RabbitMQ路由篇
标题:轻松玩转RabbitMQ路由Exchange
搞定RabbitMQ?玩不转RabbitMQ路由就不算搞定RabbitMQ;路由?这是大家熟悉的词儿,那什么是路由呢?在我们生活中家里的无线网都有一个路由器,负责做电信号的转发,才有了我们的电脑、手机能够无线接收信号。同样的,我们的RabbitMQ就是需要通过交换机,Exchange才能把消息发送给队列Queue,也就是说生产者把消息发给交换机,然后让交换机转发给Queue。
也就是Producer发送消息是发给Exchange,Exchage转发消息给Queue。
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正因为有了Exchange在中间做了一层的转发,做了一层包装,那我们就可以自己定义各种规则。那么在实际开发中,就可以满足各种各样的需求,让我们的开发更友好,更便捷。Exchage共有四种规则类型,这里讲解两种。
Exchage共有四种规则类型
1.direct类型路由
direct路由规则很简单:
exchange在和queue进行绑定时会设置routingkey,生产者在发送消息的时候,也需要指定一个key,如果指定的这个key与exchange和队列绑定的routingkey完全匹配,那么消息就可以正常的发送到绑定的queue中。
绑定key:channel.QueueBind(queue:"DirectExchangeQueue", exchange:"DirectExChange", routingKey:"key");
来个案例:
生产者代码:
public class DirectProducer
{
public static void Send()
{
var factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行
factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名
factory.Password = "guest";//密码
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
//声明队列1---DirectExchangeQueue1
channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "DirectExchangeQueue1", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//声明队列2---DirectExchangeQueue2
channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "DirectExchangeQueue2", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//交换机的类型:type:ExchangeType type: ExchangeType.Direct:声明为direct类型路由
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "DirectExChange", type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
channel.QueueBind(queue: "DirectExchangeQueue1",
exchange: "DirectExChange",
routingKey: "Key1");
channel.QueueBind(queue: "DirectExchangeQueue2",
exchange: "DirectExChange",
routingKey: "Key2");
string message1 = "这里是发送给路由DirectExChange,发送消息声明的key为Key1";
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "DirectExChange",
routingKey: "Key1",//这里指定的Key1和上面绑定的Key1吻合
basicProperties: null,
body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message1));
string message2 = "这里是发送给路由DirectExChange,发送消息声明的key为Key2";
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "DirectExChange",
routingKey: "Key2",//这里指定的Key2和上面绑定的Key2吻合
basicProperties: null,
body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2)
);
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
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生产者发送了两次消息,发送的时候指定了两个不同的routingKey为Key1和Key2,结果展示两个队列分别接受到了一条消息;队列DirectExchangeQueue1绑定路由时绑定额routingKey为Key1,所以收到了来自于生产者指定routingKey为Key1的消息;队列DirectExchangeQueue2绑定路由时绑定额routingKey为Key2,所以收到了来自于生产者指定routingKey为Key2的消息;
2.fanout类型路由
fanout路由规则就更简单了,direct类型exchange在和queue进行绑定时会设置了routingkey,fanout类型路由不需要在绑定的时候声明routingkey,绑定即可,生产者发送的消息,只要是路由和队列绑定了,任何一个和路由绑定的队列都可以收到生产者发送过来的消息;
来个案例:
生产者代码:
public class FanoutTypeExchange
{
public static void Send()
{
var factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行
factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名
factory.Password = "guest";//密码
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
//声明队列为:FanoutExchangeQueue1
channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeQueue1", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//声明队列为:FanoutExchangeQueue2
channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeQueue2", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//在这里声明一个Fanout 类型的交换机,type: ExchangeType.Fanout
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "FanoutExchange", type: ExchangeType.Fanout, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
//交换机绑定队列,不需要绑定routingKey
channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeQueue1", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);
channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeQueue2", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
string message = "生产者发送消息,这里使用Fanout路由,只要是和路由FanoutExchange绑定的队列,就都可以收到生产者发送过来的消息";
var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
//基本发布
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "FanoutExchange",
routingKey: string.Empty,
basicProperties: null,
body: body);
}
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
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生产者循环发送了30条消息,没有指定routingKey,Fanout类型路由FanoutExchange绑定了FanoutExchangeQueue1和FanoutExchangeQueue2,生产者发送的消息,两个队列都收到了30条消息。就是因为FanoutExchange绑定了两个队列,所有队列都可以接受到消息;这就是相当于是一个典型的发布订阅模式;
e绑定了FanoutExchangeQueue1和FanoutExchangeQueue2,生产者发送的消息,两个队列都收到了30条消息。就是因为FanoutExchange绑定了两个队列,所有队列都可以接受到消息;这就是相当于是一个典型的发布订阅模式;
好了,本期就说到这儿,下一期我们继续聊RabbitMQ