Python实现单例模式

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-30 11:31:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-30 11:31:58 发布

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Python实现单例模式

函数装饰器实现单例

from functools import wraps

@wraps接受一个函数来进行装饰，并加入了复制函数名称、注释文档、参数列表等等的功能。这可以让我们在装饰器里面访问在装饰之前的函数的属性。

def singleton(cls: object):
    _instance = {}
    @wraps(cls)
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in _instance:
            _instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return _instance[cls]
    return inner

@singleton
class Cls1(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = None
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    cls1 = Cls1()
    cls2 = Cls1()
    
    print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
    
    print(Cls1.__name__)
    print(Cls1.__class__)

True
Cls1
<class 'function'>

类装饰器实现单例

class Singleton(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def __call__(self, cls, *args, **kwargs):
        _instance = {}
        @wraps(cls)
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            if cls not in _instance:
                _instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
            return _instance[cls]
        return inner
    
@Singleton()
class Cls2(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        _name = None
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    cls1 = Cls2()
    cls2 = Cls2()
    
    print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
    
    print(Cls2.__name__)
    print(Cls2.__class__)

True
Cls2
<class 'function'>

class Singleton(object):
    def __init__(self, cls):
        self._cls = cls
        self._instance = {}
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self._cls not in self._instance:
            self._instance[self._cls] = self._cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return self._instance[self._cls]

@Singleton
class Cls2(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    cls1 = Cls2()
    cls2 = Cls2()
    
    print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
    
    print(Cls2.__class__)

True
<class '__main__.Singleton'>

__new__关键字实现单例

class Singleton(object):
    _instance = None
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls._instance is None:
            cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance
    def __init__(self):
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    single1 = Singleton()
    single2 = Singleton()
    print(id(single1) == id(single2))

True

metaclass实现单例

class Singleton(type):
    _instances = {}
    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in cls._instances:
            cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instances[cls]

class Cls4(metaclass=Singleton):
    pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    cls1 = Cls4()
    cls2 = Cls4()
    print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))