C# 中的LINQ

Linq 简介

语言集成查询（LINQ）是将一系列的功能，集成到C#语言中的技术的统称

Linq 可以应用的场景：

数据库
XML 文档
ADO.net 数据集
IEnumerable 接口的任何对象集合
第三方的 web 服务

• 在写完Linq 语句以后，其本身只是存储查询变量。并不会真正的执行。只有当调用 ToList 和 ToArray 方法的时候，才会真正的执行，而且调试的话，也进不去 Linq 语句。
• 一般使用 Tolist 这种写法，我个人也没调试出来着两种方法有什么区别。

查询表达式可以由三个部分组成：

• 获取数据源
• 建立查询表达式
• 执行查询

下边的例子

  static void Main()
    {
       
        int[] numbers = new int[7] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

        var numQuery =
            from num in numbers     //建立结果集
            where (num % 2) == 0    //查询条件
            select num;             //选出来

        // 3. Query execution.
        foreach (int num in numQuery)
        {
            Console.Write("{0,1} ", num);
        }
    }

带有-排序-分组的语句

var queryLondonCustomers3 =
    from cust in customers
    where cust.City == "London"
    orderby cust.Name ascending
    //orderby cust.Name descending
    select cust;

综合案例：

1.建立一个 student 类

public class Student
{
    public string First { get; set; }
    public string Last { get; set; }
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public List<int> Scores;
}

// Create a data source by using a collection initializer.
static List<Student> students = new List<Student>
{
    new Student {First="Svetlana", Last="Omelchenko", ID=111, Scores= new List<int> {97, 92, 81, 60}},
    new Student {First="Claire", Last="O'Donnell", ID=112, Scores= new List<int> {75, 84, 91, 39}},
    new Student {First="Sven", Last="Mortensen", ID=113, Scores= new List<int> {88, 94, 65, 91}},
    new Student {First="Cesar", Last="Garcia", ID=114, Scores= new List<int> {97, 89, 85, 82}},
    new Student {First="Debra", Last="Garcia", ID=115, Scores= new List<int> {35, 72, 91, 70}},
    new Student {First="Fadi", Last="Fakhouri", ID=116, Scores= new List<int> {99, 86, 90, 94}},
    new Student {First="Hanying", Last="Feng", ID=117, Scores= new List<int> {93, 92, 80, 87}},
    new Student {First="Hugo", Last="Garcia", ID=118, Scores= new List<int> {92, 90, 83, 78}},
    new Student {First="Lance", Last="Tucker", ID=119, Scores= new List<int> {68, 79, 88, 92}},
    new Student {First="Terry", Last="Adams", ID=120, Scores= new List<int> {99, 82, 81, 79}},
    new Student {First="Eugene", Last="Zabokritski", ID=121, Scores= new List<int> {96, 85, 91, 60}},
    new Student {First="Michael", Last="Tucker", ID=122, Scores= new List<int> {94, 92, 91, 91}}
};

2.把第一科成绩 > 90 ,第四门成绩 < 90 的人筛选出来，并且按照 升序 排序

 public  static void  show()
        {
            var studentsss =
                    from stu in Student.students
                    where stu.Scores[0] > 90 && stu.Scores[3]<90
                    orderby stu.Scores[0] ascending
                    // orderby stu.Scores[0] descending
                    select stu;
            foreach (var item in studentsss)
            {
                Console.Write($"***{item.Last}****{item.First}****");
                Console.Write("每个人的成绩是");
                foreach (var items in item.Scores)
                {
                    Console.Write(items.ToString()+"--");
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
    }

结果如下：

3.结果进行分组

对结果进行分组的时候，注意分组后的结果，想要读出来，必须使用两个 foreach 循环

 public  static void  show()
    {

            //怎么分组查找

            var studentQuery2 =
                 from studentaa in Student.students
                 group studentaa by studentaa.Last[0];

            // 怎么把分组的结果打印出来

            foreach (var studentGroup in studentQuery2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(studentGroup.Key);
                foreach (Student student in studentGroup)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{student.First}**{student.Last}");
                }
      } }

最后输出的结果：

Let 关键字

Let 关键字可以用来储存结果

代码如下：

  public static void Show()
        {
            var studentQuery5 =
          from student in Student.students
          let totalScore = student.Scores[0] + student.Scores[1] +
              student.Scores[2] + student.Scores[3]
          where totalScore / 4 < student.Scores[0]
          select student.Last + " " + student.First;

            foreach (string s in studentQuery5)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(s);
            }
        }

运行结果如下：