Android使用AudioRecord实现录音

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前言

Android使用AudioRecord实现录音

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、AudioRecord使用

Android平台可以使用AudioRecord和MediaRecorder来实现录音，因为AudioRecord更接近底层，并且录制的数据为原始(pcm)数据，pcm数据可以再进行处理转换，直播中使用的都是处理后的pcm数据，所以在这里面学习下使用AudioRecord。

• 构造AudioRecord

AudioRecord类的构造方法中有5个参数

/**
* audioSource 表示数据来源 一般为麦克风 MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC
* sampleRateInHz 表示采样率 一般设置为 44100
* channelConfig 表示声道 一般设置为 AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO
* audioFormat 数据编码方式 这里使用 AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT
* bufferSizeInBytes 数据大小 这里使用AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize 获取 
*/
AudioRecord(int audioSource, int sampleRateInHz, int channelConfig, int audioFormat,
            int bufferSizeInBytes)

• 创建AudioRecord对象

    private AudioRecord audioRecord = null;
    private int recordBufsize = 0;

    private void createAudioRecord() {
        recordBufsize = AudioRecord
                .getMinBufferSize(44100,
                        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,
                        AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
        audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,
                44100,
                AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT,
                recordBufsize);
    }

• 开始录音

// 调用开始录音
audioRecord.startRecording();

调用开始录音后，需要从audioRecord中读取录音的数据

audioRecord.read(data, 0, recordBufsize);

• 结束录音

audioRecord.stop();

• 释放资源

audioRecord.release();

AudioRecord的关键方法已经介绍了，下面贴上完整的代码

二、使用步骤

• 清单文件声明权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

关于Android 6.0动态申请权限这里就不重复了，可自行百度

• 完整代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String FILE_NAME = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC) + File.separator + "test.pcm";

    private AudioRecord audioRecord = null;
    private int recordBufsize = 0;
    private boolean isRecording = false;

    private Button startRecordBtn;
    private Button stopRecordBtn;

    private Thread recordingThread;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1000);
        }
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO}, 2000);
        }
        startRecordBtn = findViewById(R.id.start_record_btn);
        stopRecordBtn = findViewById(R.id.stop_record_btn);
        createAudioRecord();
        startRecordBtn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            startRecord();
        });
        stopRecordBtn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            stopRecord();
        });
    }

    private void createAudioRecord() {
        recordBufsize = AudioRecord
                .getMinBufferSize(44100,
                        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,
                        AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
        Log.i("audioRecordTest", "size->" + recordBufsize);
        audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,
                44100,
                AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,
                AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT,
                recordBufsize);
    }

    private void startRecord() {
        if (isRecording) {
            return;
        }
        isRecording = true;
        audioRecord.startRecording();
        Log.i("audioRecordTest", "开始录音");
        recordingThread = new Thread(() -> {
            byte data[] = new byte[recordBufsize];
            File file = new File(FILE_NAME);
            FileOutputStream os = null;
            try {
                if (!file.exists()) {
                    file.createNewFile();
                    Log.i("audioRecordTest", "创建录音文件->" + FILE_NAME);
                }
                os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            int read;
            if (os != null) {
                while (isRecording) {
                    read = audioRecord.read(data, 0, recordBufsize);
                    if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != read) {
                        try {
                            os.write(data);
                            Log.i("audioRecordTest", "写录音数据->" + read);
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            try {
                os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        recordingThread.start();
    }

    private void stopRecord() {
        isRecording = false;
        if (audioRecord != null) {
            audioRecord.stop();
            Log.i("audioRecordTest", "停止录音");
            audioRecord.release();
            audioRecord = null;
            recordingThread = null;
        }
    }
}

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_record_btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开始录音" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop_record_btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="结束录音" />
</LinearLayout>

运行程序，点击开始录音，本地会创建test.pcm文件并写入录音数据。

总结

通过上面的学习，对AudioRecord有初步的了解，能使用AudioRecord来实现录音功能保存到本地。