二分图最大权匹配

奔小康赚大钱 HDU - 2255 题目链接

题意

村里共有n间房间,刚好有n家老百姓,考虑到每家都要有房住(如果有老百姓没房子住的话,容易引起不安定因素),每家必须分配到一间房子且只能得到一间房子。
现在这个问题就是村领导怎样分配房子才能使收入最大.
在这里插入图片描述

DFS O(n^4)写法
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 407;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int visx[N],visy[N];
int match[N],slack[N];
int lx[N],ly[N];
int n;
bool Find(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    for (int y = 1; y <= n; y++){
        if (visy[y]) continue;
        int delta = lx[x] + ly[y] - g[x][y];
        if  (delta) slack[y] = min(slack[y],delta);
        else {
            visy[y] = 1;
            if (match[y] == -1 || Find(match[y])){
                match[y] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}
void dfs(int s)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    while(true){
        memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
        memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
        if (Find(s)) break;
        else {
            int delta = INF;
            for (int y = 1; y <= n; y++){
                if (!visy[y]){
                    delta = min(delta,slack[y]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (visx[i]) {
                    lx[i] -= delta;
                }
                if (visy[i]){
                    ly[i] += delta;
                }
                else {
                    slack[i] -= delta;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        ly[i] = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(g[i][j],lx[i]);
        }
    }
    memset(match,-1,sizeof(match));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        dfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d",&n) == 1){
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                scanf("%d",&g[i][j]);
            }
        }
        solve();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if (match[i] != -1){
                ans += g[match[i]][i];
            }
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

BFS O(n^3) 写法
思路

设置左边为lx,右边为ly,lx置为所连接边权的最大值,ly置为0
扫描右边的点(在这里计作v),找到与之匹配的 lx[i] + ly[v] == g[i][v] ,设置fl[i] = v,fr[v] = i;
没有找到就改变顶标,继续寻找,如果还没有找到,而且符合 lx[i] + ly[v] == g[i][v] 的边已经配对成功,则将已配对的点v进行重新匹配,改变对应的fl[i],fr[v]
依次进行以上步骤,直到没有可加入的边

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 407;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int lx[N],ly[N],slack[N];
int fl[N],fr[N];    /// 存放对应的连接点
int visx[N],visy[N];
int pre[N],q[N];
int n,l,r;
bool check(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    if (fl[x] != -1){
        q[r++] = fl[x];
        visy[fl[x]] = 1;
        return  true;
    }
    while (x != -1){
        fl[x] = pre[x];
        swap(x,fr[pre[x]]);
    }
    return false;
}
void bfs(int s)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
    memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
    l = 0;
    r = 1;
    q[0] = s;
    visy[s] = 1;;
    while (true){
        int delta;
        while (l < r){
            int v = q[l++];
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
                if (!visx[i] && slack[i] >= (delta = lx[i] + ly[v] - g[i][v])){
                    pre[i] = v;
                    if (delta){
                        slack[i] = delta;
                    }
                    else if (!check(i))
                        return;
                }
            }
        }
        delta = INF;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
            if (!visx[i] && delta > slack[i]){
                delta = slack[i];
            }
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if (visx[i])
                lx[i] += delta;
            else
                slack[i] -= delta;
            if (visy[i])
                ly[i] -= delta;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
            if (!visx[i] && !slack[i] && !check(i))
                return;
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    memset(fl,-1,sizeof(fl));
    memset(fr,-1,sizeof(fr));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        ly[i] = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(g[i][j],lx[i]);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        bfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d",&n) == 1){
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                scanf("%d",&g[i][j]);
            }
        }
        solve();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
            ans += g[i][fl[i]];
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Tour HDU - 3488 题目链接

题意

有N个城市,M条街道,每条街道是单向的,现在要你设计多条路线覆盖所有的点,每条路线都是一个环,并且每个点仅能被一条路线覆盖且只经过一次(终始点除外)

思路

入度和出度就能代表二分图的两边
题目求最小权,全部权值取反求最大权即可
(这道题有重边)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 407;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int visx[N],visy[N];
int match[N],slack[N];
int lx[N],ly[N];
int n;
bool Find(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    for (int y = 1; y <= n; y++){
        if (visy[y]) continue;
        int delta = lx[x] + ly[y] - g[x][y];
        if  (delta) slack[y] = min(slack[y],delta);
        else {
            visy[y] = 1;
            if (match[y] == -1 || Find(match[y])){
                match[y] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}
void dfs(int x)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    while(true){
        memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
        memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
        if (Find(x)) break;
        else {
            int delta = INF;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (!visy[i]){
                    delta = min(delta,slack[i]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (visx[i]){
                    lx[i] -= delta;
                }
                if (visy[i]){
                    ly[i] += delta;
                }
                else {
                    slack[i] -= delta;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        ly[i] = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(g[i][j],lx[i]);
        }
    }
    memset(match,-1,sizeof(match));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        dfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--){
        int m;
        scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                g[i][j] = -INF;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){
            int u,v,w;
            scanf("%d %d %d",&u,&v,&w);
            g[u][v] = max(g[u][v],-w);
        }
        solve();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            ans += g[match[i]][i];
        }
        cout << -ans << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

HDU 2426 题目链接

题意

n个学生,m个房间,给定一些学生想住房的喜欢度,找一个最优方案使得每个学生分配一个房间,并且使得喜欢度最大,注意这题有个坑,就是学生不会住喜欢度为负的房间

疑问

没有 if (w >= 0) 这个判断就会WA

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 555;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int visx[N],visy[N],slack[N];
int lx[N],ly[N];
int link[N];
int n;
bool dfs(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        if (visy[i]) continue;
        int delta = lx[x] + ly[i] - g[x][i];
        if (delta) slack[i] = min(slack[i],delta);
        else {
            visy[i] = 1;
            if (link[i] == -1 || dfs(link[i])){
                link[i] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}
void km(int x)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    while(true){
        memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
        memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
        if (dfs(x)) break;
        else {
            int delta = INF;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (visy[i]) continue;
                delta = min(delta,slack[i]);
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (visx[i]){
                    lx[i] -= delta;
                }
                if (visy[i]){
                    ly[i] += delta;
                }
                else slack[i] -= delta;
            }
        }
    }
}
int solve(int nx)
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        ly[i] = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(lx[i],g[i][j]);
        }
    }
    memset(link,-1,sizeof(link));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        km(i);
    }
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        if (link[i] <= nx){
            ans += g[link[i]][i];
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
int main()
{
    int nx,ny,m;
    int Case = 1;
    while(scanf("%d %d %d",&nx,&ny,&m) == 3){
        n = max(nx,ny);
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                g[i][j] = -INF;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){
            int u,v,w;
            scanf("%d %d %d",&u,&v,&w);
            u++;
            v++;
            if (w >= 0) g[u][v] = max(g[u][v],w);
        }
        if (nx > ny || !m){
            printf("Case %d: -1\n",Case++);
            continue;
        }
        printf("Case %d: %d\n",Case++,solve(nx));
    }
    return 0;
}

Assignment HDU 2853 题目链接

题意:

给定一个二分图,N个点对应M个点,两两之间存在一组关系,每组关系一个权值。题目中了给定了一个匹配方案,现在要求满足这组关系中的最大的匹配权值在原方案上增长了多少?并且还要求出在原匹配方案上改变(最少)多少条边才能够得到这个最大匹配?

思路(别人的想法,非常巧妙)

将原计划边和非计划边区分开来
原计划边: 乘上K倍加一
其他边:乘上K倍
满足条件(K>= N + 1)
这样就能保证极端情况下结果仍然正确:
假设
最优方案 : sum1
次优方案:sum2
sum1 - sum2 == 1
最优方案中一条计划边都没有
次优方案选择全部的 计划边
此时最优方案为:sum1 * K
次优方案:sum2 * K + N
要保证sum1 * K > sum2 * K + N
解得:K > N

结果:

ans % K 即 选择计划边的数目
ans / K - pre / K 即 增加的权值

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 55;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int visx[N],visy[N];
int match[N],slack[N];
int lx[N],ly[N];
int n,nx,ny;
bool Find(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    for (int y = 1; y <= ny; y++){
        if (visy[y]) continue;
        int delta = lx[x] + ly[y] - g[x][y];
        if  (delta) slack[y] = min(slack[y],delta);
        else {
            visy[y] = 1;
            if (match[y] == -1 || Find(match[y])){
                match[y] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}
void dfs(int s)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    while(true){
        memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
        memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
        if (Find(s)) break;
        else {
            int delta = INF;
            for (int y = 1; y <= ny; y++){
                if (!visy[y]){
                    delta = min(delta,slack[y]);
                }
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
                if (visx[i]) lx[i] -= delta;
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= ny; i++){
                if (visy[i]){
                    ly[i] += delta;
                }
                else {
                    slack[i] -= delta;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    memset(lx,0,sizeof(lx));
    memset(ly,0,sizeof(ly));
    memset(match,-1,sizeof(match));
    for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
        for (int j = 1; j <= ny; j++){
            lx[i] = max(g[i][j],lx[i]);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
        dfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d %d",&nx,&ny) == 2){
        for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= ny; j++){
                scanf("%d",&g[i][j]);
                g[i][j] *= 111;
            }
        }
        int pre = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
            int x;
            scanf("%d",&x);
            pre += g[i][x];
            g[i][x]++;
        }
        solve();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= ny; i++){
            if (match[i] != -1){
                ans += g[match[i]][i];
            }
        }
        cout << nx - ans % 111 << " " << ans / 111 - pre / 111 << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Similarity HDU 3718 题目链接

题意

有两串字符串,他们都是分类的结果.第一行是正确结果,第二行是需要你判断的.
现在给你很多字符串,要你输出最大相似率.

思路

每一对字母映射就在相应的边权加一,如何求最大权匹配即可
(我用O(n4)超时,可能是我的O(n4)有点垃圾)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 55;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int lx[N],ly[N],slack[N];
int fl[N],fr[N];    /// 存放对应的连接点
int visx[N],visy[N];
int pre[N],q[N];
int n,l,r;
map<char,int> mp1,mp2;
char str1[11111];
bool check(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    if (fl[x] != -1){
        q[r++] = fl[x];
        visy[fl[x]] = 1;
        return  true;
    }
    while (x != -1){
        fl[x] = pre[x];
        swap(x,fr[pre[x]]);
    }
    return false;
}
void bfs(int s)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
    memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
    l = 0;
    r = 1;
    q[0] = s;
    visy[s] = 1;;
    while (true){
        int delta;
        while (l < r){
            int v = q[l++];
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
                if (!visx[i] && slack[i] >= (delta = lx[i] + ly[v] - g[i][v])){
                    pre[i] = v;
                    if (delta){
                        slack[i] = delta;
                    }
                    else if (!check(i))
                        return;
                }
            }
        }
        delta = INF;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
            if (!visx[i] && delta > slack[i]){
                delta = slack[i];
            }
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if (visx[i])
                lx[i] += delta;
            else
                slack[i] -= delta;
            if (visy[i])
                ly[i] -= delta;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
            if (!visx[i] && !slack[i] && !check(i))
                return;
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    memset(fl,-1,sizeof(fl));
    memset(fr,-1,sizeof(fr));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        ly[i] = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(g[i][j],lx[i]);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        bfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--){
        int n1,m,k;
        scanf("%d %d %d",&n1,&k,&m);
        mp1.clear();
        int nx = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++){
            char ch;
            scanf(" %c",&ch);
            str1[i] = ch;
            if (!mp1[ch])   mp1[ch] = ++nx;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){
            int ny = 0;
            mp2.clear();
            memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
            for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++){
                char ch;
                scanf(" %c",&ch);
                if (!mp2[ch]) mp2[ch] = ++ny;
                int x = mp1[str1[i]];
                g[x][mp2[ch]]++;
            }
            n = max(nx,ny);
            solve();
            int ans = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= nx; i++){
                if (fl[i] != -1){
                    ans += g[i][fl[i]];
                }
            }
            printf("%.4f\n",(double)ans / n1);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

HDU 3523 题目链接

题意

有m个数列Q1、Q2、Qm,每个数列有n个数(1-n排列),让你找到一个数列T使得题意中的公式取得的值最小
在这里插入图片描述

思路

遍历每一列中的1-n,求得这n个数对应的权值,然后建图,就是n-n的二分图最小权匹配了

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 111;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int g[N][N];
int n;
int match[N];
int visx[N],visy[N];
int lx[N],ly[N];
int slack[N];
int a[N][N];
bool Find(int x)
{
    visx[x] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        if (visy[i]) continue;
        int delta = lx[x] + ly[i] - g[x][i];
        if (delta) slack[i] = min(slack[i],delta);
        else {
            visy[i] = 1;
            if (match[i] == -1 || Find(match[i])){
                match[i] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}
void dfs(int x)
{
    memset(slack,0x3f,sizeof(slack));
    while(true){
        memset(visx,0,sizeof(visx));
        memset(visy,0,sizeof(visy));
        if (Find(x)) break;
        else {
            int delta = INF;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (!visy[i]) delta = min(delta,slack[i]);
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
                if (visx[i]){
                    lx[i] -= delta;
                }
                if (visy[i]){
                    ly[i] += delta;
                }
                else slack[i] -= delta;
            }
        }
    }
}
void solve()
{
    memset(ly,0,sizeof(ly));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        lx[i] = -INF;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            lx[i] = max(lx[i],g[i][j]);
        }
    }
    memset(match,-1,sizeof(match));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        dfs(i);
    }
}
int main()
{
    int t,Case = 1;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--){
        int m;
        scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
            }
        }
        memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
        for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++){
            for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
                for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
                    g[j][k] -= abs(k - a[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        solve();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if (match[i] != -1){
                ans += g[match[i]][i];
            }
        }
        printf("Case #%d: %d\n",Case++,-ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

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