Redis安装整理(window平台和Linux平台)

[b]window平台Redis安装 [/b]

[b]redis windows安装文件下载地址[/b]:[url]http://code.google.com/p/servicestack/wiki/RedisWindowsDownload#Download_32bit_Cygwin_builds_for_Windows[/url]
我选择的redis为最新版的安装文件，见下图：
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0065/8339/76cba281-426f-3be8-b739-089269408eae.jpg[/img]

[b]Redis安装文件解压后，有以下几个文件。见下图[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0065/8335/9992dac5-202b-3c46-b712-bb43e4eb66e5.jpg[/img]
redis-server.exe：服务程序
redis-check-dump.exe：本地数据库检查
redis-check-aof.exe：更新日志检查
redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的ab 工具).

在解压好redis的安装文件到E:\根目录后，还需要在redis根目录增加一个redis的配置文件redis.conf，文件具体内容附件中有，不过这里我仍然把配置文件的内容贴上来：

# Redis configuration file example

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize no

# When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
# You can specify a custom pid file location here.
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
port 6379

# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
# specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
#
# bind 127.0.0.1

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 300

# Set server verbosity to 'debug'
# it can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel debug

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
# the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile stdout

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb

# For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
# Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# requirepass foobared

################################### LIMITS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
# is able to open. The special value '0' means no limts.
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 128

# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
#
# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
#
# maxmemory <bytes>

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
# every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
#
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
#
# The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
#
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.

appendonly no

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
#
# The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
# understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
# or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).

appendfsync always
# appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
# single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
# in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if unsure.
glueoutputbuf yes

# Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
# string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
# pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
# idea.
#
# When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
# shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
# object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
# In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
# very common strings you have in your dataset.
#
# WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
# in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this feature in
# your development environment so that we can test it better.
# shareobjects no
# shareobjectspoolsize 1024

将附件中的redis_conf.rar解压下来放到redis的根目录中即可。到此，redis的安装已经完毕。下面开始使用redis数据库。

[b]启动redis：[/b]
输入命令：redis-server.exe redis.conf
启动后如下图所示：
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0065/8348/f18c9013-4761-30c8-8377-3781e37e1cb8.jpg[/img]

[color=red]启动cmd窗口要一直开着，关闭后则Redis服务关闭。[/color]
这时服务开启着，另外开一个窗口进行，设置客户端：
输入命令：redis-cli.exe -h 202.117.16.133 -p 6379
输入后如下图所示：
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0065/8358/ce41fd2b-8bdd-3876-af26-7bd14c4e05c2.jpg[/img]
然后可以开始玩了：

设置一个Key并获取返回的值:

$ ./redis-cli set mykey somevalue
OK
$ ./redis-cli get mykey
Somevalue

如何添加值到list:

$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist firstvalue
OK
$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist secondvalue
OK
$ ./redis-cli lpush mylist thirdvalue
OK
$ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
. thirdvalue
. secondvalue
. firstvalue
$ ./redis-cli rpop mylist
firstvalue
$ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
. thirdvalue
. secondvalue

redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的 ab 工具).

./redis-benchmark -n 100000 –c 50
    ====== SET ======
    100007 requests completed in 0.88 seconds （译者注：100004 查询完成于 1.14 秒 ）
50 parallel clients （译者注：50个并发客户端）
3 bytes payload （译者注：3字节有效载荷)
keep alive: 1 （译者注：保持1个连接)
58.50% <= 0 milliseconds（译者注：毫秒）
99.17% <= 1 milliseconds
99.58% <= 2 milliseconds
99.85% <= 3 milliseconds
99.90% <= 6 milliseconds
100.00% <= 9 milliseconds
114293.71 requests per second（译者注：每秒 114293.71 次查询）

Windows下测试并发客户端极限为60

========================================================================

[b]linux平台Redis安装：[/b]

wget http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/detail?name=redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
tar xvzf redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
cd  redis-2.0.4
make
mkdir /home/redis
cp redis-server  /home/redis
cp redis-benchmark  /home/redis
cp redis-cli  /home/redis
cp redis.conf  /home/redis
cd  /home/redis

在安装过程中可能需要用到sudo命令，可能新装的redhat虚拟机中新用户还不能使用sudo命令，因此需要手动的修改/etc/sudoers文件，命令如下：

cd /etc
su root ##切换为root用户，同时输入密码
chmod u+w sudoers ##放开sudoers文件的写权限
##在root ALL = (ALL) ALL下面一行增加 "你的用户名" ALL = (ALL) ALL
:wq ##保存退出
chmod u-w sudoers ##取消修改权限

启动
./redis-server redis.conf
进入命令交互模式，两种：
1: ./redis-cli
2: telnet 127.0.0.1 6379 (ip接端口)

=============================================================
[b]配置文件参数说明: [/b]

1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
[color=red]daemonize no[/color]
2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
[color=red]pidfile /var/run/redis.pid[/color]
3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
[color=red]port 6379[/color]
4. 绑定的主机地址
[color=red]bind 127.0.0.1[/color]
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
[color=red]timeout 300[/color]
6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
[color=red]loglevel verbose[/color]
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
[color=red]logfile stdout[/color]
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
[color=red]databases 16[/color]
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
save <seconds> <changes>
Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
[color=red]save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000[/color]
分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。

10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
[color=red]rdbcompression yes[/color]
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
[color=red]dbfilename dump.rdb[/color]
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
[color=red]dir ./[/color]
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
[color=red]slaveof <masterip> <masterport>[/color]
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
[color=red]masterauth <master-password>[/color]
15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
[color=red]requirepass foobared[/color]
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
[color=red]maxclients 128[/color]
17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
[color=red]maxmemory <bytes>[/color]
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
[color=red]appendonly no[/color]
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
[color=red]appendfilename appendonly.aof[/color]
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
[color=red]no[/color]：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
[color=red]always[/color]：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
[color=red]everysec[/color]：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
[color=red]appendfsync everysec[/color]

21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
[color=red]vm-enabled no[/color]
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
[color=red]vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap[/color]
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
[color=red]vm-max-memory 0[/color]
24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
[color=red]vm-page-size 32[/color]
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
[color=red]vm-pages 134217728[/color]
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
[color=red]vm-max-threads 4[/color]
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
[color=red]glueoutputbuf yes[/color]
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
[color=red]hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512[/color]
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
[color=red]activerehashing yes[/color]
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
[color=red]include /path/to/local.conf[/color]