getField()与getDeclaredField()的区别

Java的反射机制中，用Class的getField(String name)或getDelaredField(String name)可以得到目标类的指定属性，返回类型是Field。

在看它们的区别之前先看下它们的源码(英文部分自己翻译了下)：

/**
     * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
     * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
     * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
     * simple name of the desired field.
     *
     * 返回一个域对象，反射出这个类对象所代表的类或接口的指定的Public 域成员。
     * 名称参数是由字符串所指定的期望域的简单名称
     * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
     * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
     *  
     *  这个域被如下的算法所决定。C是这个对象所代表的类或者接口
     * <OL>
     * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
     *      field to be reflected.</LI>
     *  如果C声明一个由指定名称的公共域，那就是要被反射的域
     * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
     *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
     *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
     * 如果在步骤1中没有域被找到，这个算法将递归应用到每个C的父接口中。直接的父接口
     * 将由声明顺序遍历查找。
     * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
     *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
     *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
     *      is thrown.</LI>
     * </OL>
     * 如果在步骤1和步骤2中，没有域被找到，C有一个父类型S，然后这个算法将被在S上递归调用。
     * 如果C没有父类，则会抛出NoSuchFieldException的异常
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
     *
     * 如果这个类对象代表一个数组类型，那么这个方法将找不到这个数组类型的length域
     * @param name the field name
     * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
     *         {@code name}
     * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *         not found.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field getField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Field field = getField0(name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }

/**
     * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
     * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
     * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
     * the simple name of the desired field.
     * 
     *返回一个域对象，反射出这个类对象所代表的类或接口所声明的所有域成员。
     * 名称参数是由字符串所指定的期望域的简单名称
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
     * 
     *如果这个类对象代表一个数组类型，那么这个方法将找不到这个数组类型的length域
     * @param name the name of the field
     * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
     *          class
     * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *          not found.
     * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared field
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }

getField(String name)只能获取public的字段，包括父类的；

而getDeclaredField(String name)能获取自己声明的各种字段，包括public，protected，private。