设计模式 - 职责链模式

职责链模式（Chain of Responsibility）：使用多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这个对象连成一个链，并沿着链传递请求，直到有一个对象处理它为止。

职责链模式最常见是在办公OA的请假流程中较为典型。接下来简单看下请假申请流程职责链模式的结构图：

 

代码结构如下：

• respond.h

#pragma once
#include <string>

class RespondRecord
{
private:
	std::string m_strPosition;
	std::string m_strName;
	std::string m_strContent;
public:
	RespondRecord(std::string partment, std::string name);
	~RespondRecord();
	
	void SetContent(std::string content);
	void Request();
};

class RespondManager
{
protected:
	std::string m_strPosition;
	std::string m_strName;
	RespondManager* m_pRespondManager;
public:
	RespondManager(std::string position, std::string name);
	virtual ~RespondManager();

	void SetManager(RespondManager* pRespondManager);
	void DealRespond(RespondRecord* pRespondRecord);

	virtual void Respond() = 0;
};

class DepartManager : public RespondManager
{
public:
	DepartManager(std::string position, std::string name);
	~DepartManager();

	void Respond();
private:

};

class HRManager : public RespondManager
{
public:
	HRManager(std::string position, std::string name);
	~HRManager();

private:


	// 通过 RespondManager 继承
	virtual void Respond() override;

};

class LeaderManager : public RespondManager
{
public:
	LeaderManager(std::string position, std::string name);
	~LeaderManager();

private:


	// 通过 RespondManager 继承
	virtual void Respond() override;

};

• respond.cpp

#include "respond.h"
#include <iostream>



RespondRecord::RespondRecord(std::string position, std::string name)
{
	m_strPosition = position;
	m_strName = name;
}

RespondRecord::~RespondRecord()
{
}

void RespondRecord::SetContent(std::string content)
{
	m_strContent = content;
}

void RespondRecord::Request()
{
	std::cout << "姓名：" << m_strName << " " << "职务：" << m_strPosition << std::endl;
	std::cout << "申请内容：" << m_strContent << std::endl;
}

RespondManager::RespondManager(std::string position, std::string name)
{
	m_strPosition = position;
	m_strName = name;
	m_pRespondManager = nullptr;
}


RespondManager::~RespondManager()
{
}

void RespondManager::SetManager(RespondManager * pRespondManager)
{
	m_pRespondManager = pRespondManager;
}

void RespondManager::DealRespond(RespondRecord* pRespondRecord)
{
	pRespondRecord->Request();

	std::cout << "姓名：" << m_strName << " " << "职务：" << m_strPosition << std::endl;
	Respond();

	if (m_pRespondManager != nullptr)
	{
		m_pRespondManager->DealRespond(pRespondRecord);
	}

}


DepartManager::DepartManager(std::string position, std::string name)
	:RespondManager(position, name)
{
}

DepartManager::~DepartManager()
{
}

void DepartManager::Respond()
{
	std::cout << "批示结果：通过" << std::endl;
}

HRManager::HRManager(std::string position, std::string name)
	:RespondManager(position, name)
{
}

HRManager::~HRManager()
{
}

void HRManager::Respond()
{
	std::cout << "批示结果：通过" << std::endl;
}

LeaderManager::LeaderManager(std::string position, std::string name)
	:RespondManager(position, name)
{
}

LeaderManager::~LeaderManager()
{
}

void LeaderManager::Respond()
{
	std::cout << "批示结果：通过" << std::endl;
}

调用方法：

#include "respond.h"
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	RespondRecord  respondRecord("职员", "小菜");
	respondRecord.SetContent("请假三天");

	DepartManager departManger("软件部经理", "小生");
	HRManager hrManager("人事经理", "小红");
	LeaderManager leaderManager("软件部总监", "小红");

	departManger.SetManager(&hrManager);
	hrManager.SetManager(&leaderManager);

	departManger.DealRespond(&respondRecord);

	std::getchar();
	return 0;
}

显示结果：

姓名：小菜 职务：职员
申请内容：请假三天
姓名：小生 职务：软件部经理
批示结果：通过
姓名：小菜 职务：职员
申请内容：请假三天
姓名：小红 职务：人事经理
批示结果：通过
姓名：小菜 职务：职员
申请内容：请假三天
姓名：小红 职务：软件部总监
批示结果：通过