Velocity是一个基于java的模板引擎(模板引擎的作用就是取得数据并加以处理,最后显示出数据)。
它允许任何人仅仅简单的使用模板语言来引用由java代码定义的对象。
主要应用在:
1.Web应用的开发。
2.作为模板产生SQL,XML或代码等。
3.作为其他系统的集成组件使用。
当Velocity应用于application program或 a servlet,主要工作流程如下:
1.初始化Velocity.
2.创建Context对象
3.添加数据到Context
4.选择模板
5.合并模板和数据产生输出页面
准备工作:导入相关依赖包,在下面附件中。
例1:应用程序事例
1.模板文件hellovelocity.vm文件
- ##这是一行注释,不会输出
- #*这是多行注释,不会输出
- 多行注释*#
- // ---------- 1.变量赋值输出------------
- Welcome $name to Javayou.com!
- today is $date.
- tdday is $mydae.//未被定义的变量将当成字符串
- // -----------2.设置变量值,所有变量都以$开头----------------
- #set( $iAmVariable = "good!" )
- Welcome $name to Javayou.com!
- today is $date.
- $iAmVariable
- //-------------3.if,else判断--------------------------
- #set ($admin = "admin")
- #set ($user = "user")
- #if ($admin == $user)
- Welcome admin!
- #else
- Welcome user!
- #end
- //--------------4.迭代数据List---------------------
- #foreach( $product in $list )
- $product
- #end
- // ------------5.迭代数据HashSet-----------------
- #foreach($key in $hashVariable.keySet() )
- $key ‘s value: $ hashVariable.get($key)
- #end
- //-----------6.迭代数据List Bean($velocityCount为列举序号,默认从1开始,可调整)
- #foreach ($s in $listBean)
- <$velocityCount> Address: $s.address
- #end
- //-------------7.模板嵌套---------------------
- #foreach ($element in $list)
- #foreach ($element in $list)
- inner:This is ($velocityCount)- $element.
- #end
- outer:This is ($velocityCount)- $element.
- #end
- //-----------8.导入其它文件,多个文件用逗号隔开--------------
- #include("com/test2/test.txt")
2.其它非模板文件text.txt
- ======text.txt====================
- this is test's content.yeah.
3.客户端应用测试代码:
- package com.test2;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.StringWriter;
- import java.util.*;
- import org.apache.velocity.app.Velocity;
- import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
- import org.apache.velocity.Template;
- import org.apache.velocity.VelocityContext;
- public class HelloVelocity {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- // 初始化并取得Velocity引擎
- VelocityEngine ve = new VelocityEngine();
- // 取得velocity的模版
- Properties p =new Properties();
- p.put(Velocity.FILE_RESOURCE_LOADER_PATH, "D:/myspace/VelocityTest/src");
- ve.init(p);
- //取得velocity的模版
- Template t = ve.getTemplate("com/test2/hellovelocity.vm","utf-8");
- // 取得velocity的上下文context
- VelocityContext context = new VelocityContext();
- // 把数据填入上下文
- context.put("name", "Liang");
- context.put("date", (new Date()).toString());
- // 为后面的展示,提前输入List数值
- List temp = new ArrayList();
- temp.add("item1");
- temp.add("item2");
- context.put("list", temp);
- List tempBean = new ArrayList();
- tempBean.add(new UserInfo("1","张三","福建"));
- tempBean.add(new UserInfo("2","李四","湖南"));
- context.put("listBean", tempBean);
- // 输出流
- StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
- // 转换输出
- t.merge(context, writer);
- // 输出信息
- System.out.println(writer.toString());
- // 输出到文件
- FileOutputStream of = new FileOutputStream("d:/velocity.txt");
- of.write(writer.toString().getBytes("GBK"));
- of.flush();
- of.close();
- }
- }
4.UserInfo实体类
- package com.test2;
- public class UserInfo {
- private String userId;
- private String userName;
- private String address;
- public UserInfo(String userId, String userName, String address) {
- super();
- this.userId = userId;
- this.userName = userName;
- this.address = address;
- }
- public String getUserId() {
- return userId;
- }
- public void setUserId(String userId) {
- this.userId = userId;
- }
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
- }
- public String getAddress() {
- return address;
- }
- public void setAddress(String address) {
- this.address = address;
- }
- }
例2:Web应用事例
1.在web-inf目录下建立velocity目录,建立一模板文件velocity.vm。
- <html>
- <title>hello!Lizhiwo_wo!</title>
- <body>
- #set($foo = "Velocity")
- Hello $foo World! 欢迎您~~~~~~~~~~~~
- <table>
- <tr>
- <td>ID</td><td>姓名</td><td>地址</td>
- </tr>
- #foreach ($s in $listBean)
- <tr>
- <td>$s.userId</td><td>$s.userName</td><td>$s.address</td>
- </tr>
- #end
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>
2.在web-inf目录下建立velocity.properties属性文件
- resource.loader = file
- file.resource.loader.path = /WEB-INF/velocity
- file.resource.loader.cache = true
- file.resource.loader.modificationCheckInterval = 300
3.建立Servlet文件VelocityServletTest.java
- package servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.StringWriter;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.commons.collections.ExtendedProperties;
- import org.apache.velocity.Template;
- import org.apache.velocity.app.Velocity;
- import org.apache.velocity.context.Context;
- import org.apache.velocity.tools.view.servlet.VelocityViewServlet;
- import com.test2.UserInfo;
- public class VelocityServletTest extends VelocityViewServlet{
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- //第一步 加载配置文件这个方法会在VelocityServlet的初始化方法init()中被调用
- protected ExtendedProperties loadConfiguration(ServletConfig config) throws IOException
- {
- ExtendedProperties p = super.loadConfiguration(config);
- // 获取velocity.properties中配置的velocity模板路径
- String velocityLoadPath = p.getString(Velocity.FILE_RESOURCE_LOADER_PATH);
- if (velocityLoadPath != null) {
- // 获取模板路径的绝对路径
- velocityLoadPath = getServletContext().getRealPath(velocityLoadPath);
- if (velocityLoadPath != null) {
- //重新设置模板路径
- System.out.println("vMPath2:"+velocityLoadPath);
- p.setProperty(Velocity.FILE_RESOURCE_LOADER_PATH, velocityLoadPath);
- }
- }
- return p;
- }
- protected Template handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req,
- HttpServletResponse res,
- Context context)
- throws Exception{
- //字符编码
- req.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
- res.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
- //页面输出
- res.setContentType("text/html;charset=" + "gb2312");
- List tempBean = new ArrayList();
- tempBean.add(new UserInfo("1","张三","福建"));
- tempBean.add(new UserInfo("2","李四","湖南"));
- context.put("listBean", tempBean);
- String templateName = "velocity.vm";
- // 测试信息输出
- Template t= getTemplate(templateName, "utf-8");
- StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
- // 转换输出
- t.merge(context, writer);
- // 输出信息
- System.out.println(writer.toString());
- // 获取模板页面展示
- return templateName != null ? getTemplate(templateName, "utf-8") : null;
- }
- }
4.在web.xml文件中进行配置
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.4"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>velocityServletTest</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>servlet.VelocityServletTest</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>org.apache.velocity.properties</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/velocity.properties</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>velocityServletTest</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/velocityServletTest</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
5.将其部署到tomcat下,页面访问
http://localhost:8080/VelocityTest/velocityServletTest,
输出页面如下:
- Hello Velocity World! 欢迎您~~~~~~~~~~~~
- ID 姓名 地址
- 1 张三 福建
- 2 李四 湖南