i2c子系统分析：源码2. kernel-3.18\drivers\i2c\i2c-core.c

/*

i2c_core.c 分析
	
postcore_initcall(i2c_init);
module_exit(i2c_exit);

#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_COMPAT		// 此宏为关

重要的数据结构:

struct i2c_driver {		// 描述一个从设备驱动对象
	int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *, const struct i2c_device_id *);
	int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *);
	
	struct device_driver driver;
			|
			const struct of_device_id	*of_match_table;	// 用于匹配
	const struct i2c_device_id *id_table;		// 用于匹配,非设备树情况下
};
注册和注销:
	int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *);
	void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *);


struct i2c_client {		// 描述一个从设备的信息，由i2c adapter创建
	unsigned short addr;			// 来自dts中: reg = <0x68>;
	char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];		// 用于匹配，来自dts中: compatible = "mediatek,gyro";
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter;	// 指向当前从设备所存在的i2c adapter
	struct device dev;				// 继承了父类
};
创建i2c_client的函数:
struct i2c_client *i2c_new_device(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_board_info const *info)


struct i2c_adapter {	// 描述一个i2c控制器，由soc原厂代码构建
	const struct i2c_algorithm *algo; 	// 算法
				|
				int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num);
	struct device dev;					// 继承了父类，也会被加入到i2c bus
	int nr;								// 编号
};
注册和注销:
int i2c_add_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
void i2c_del_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)


struct i2c_msg {	// 描述一个从设备要发生的数据包
	__u16 addr;		// 从设备地址，要发生给哪个i2c_client处理
	__u16 flags;	// 读1，写0
	__u16 len;		// msg 长度
	__u8 *buf;		// 指向数据的指针
};

// 读、写数据
int i2c_master_send(const struct i2c_client *client, const char *buf, int count)
int i2c_master_recv(const struct i2c_client *client, char *buf, int count)
	|
	struct i2c_adapter *adap = client->adapter;
	struct i2c_msg msg;

	msg.addr = client->addr;
	msg.flags = client->flags & I2C_M_TEN;
	msg.len = count;
	msg.buf = (char *)buf;

	i2c_transfer(adap, &msg, 1);	// 以上两个函数都调用了i2c_transfer()


注册流程:
i2c_init()					// postcore_initcall
	bus_register(&i2c_bus_type);
	i2c_add_driver(&dummy_driver);

struct bus_type i2c_bus_type = {
	.name		= "i2c",
	.match		= i2c_device_match,
	.probe		= i2c_device_probe,
	.remove		= i2c_device_remove,
	.shutdown	= i2c_device_shutdown,
	.pm		= &i2c_device_pm_ops,
};

*/

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_device.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/clk/clk-conf.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/irqflags.h>
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/pm_domain.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "i2c-core.h"

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/i2c.h>

/* core_lock protects i2c_adapter_idr, and guarantees
   that device detection, deletion of detected devices, and attach_adapter
   calls are serialized */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(core_lock);
static DEFINE_IDR(i2c_adapter_idr);

static struct device_type i2c_client_type;
static int i2c_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, struct i2c_driver *driver);

static struct static_key i2c_trace_msg = STATIC_KEY_INIT_FALSE;

void i2c_transfer_trace_reg(void)
{
	static_key_slow_inc(&i2c_trace_msg);
}

void i2c_transfer_trace_unreg(void)
{
	static_key_slow_dec(&i2c_trace_msg);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_ACPI)
struct acpi_i2c_handler_data {
	struct acpi_connection_info info;
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
};

struct gsb_buffer {
	u8	status;
	u8	len;
	union {
		u16	wdata;
		u8	bdata;
		u8	data[0];
	};
} __packed;

static int acpi_i2c_add_resource(struct acpi_resource *ares, void *data)
{
	struct i2c_board_info *info = data;

	if (ares->type == ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_SERIAL_BUS) {
		struct acpi_resource_i2c_serialbus *sb;

		sb = &ares->data.i2c_serial_bus;
		if (sb->type == ACPI_RESOURCE_SERIAL_TYPE_I2C) {
			info->addr = sb->slave_address;
			if (sb->access_mode == ACPI_I2C_10BIT_MODE)
				info->flags |= I2C_CLIENT_TEN;
		}
	} else if (info->irq < 0) {
		struct resource r;

		if (acpi_dev_resource_interrupt(ares, 0, &r))
			info->irq = r.start;
	}

	/* Tell the ACPI core to skip this resource */
	return 1;
}

static acpi_status acpi_i2c_add_device(acpi_handle handle, u32 level,
				       void *data, void **return_value)
{
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter = data;
	struct list_head resource_list;
	struct i2c_board_info info;
	struct acpi_device *adev;
	int ret;

	if (acpi_bus_get_device(handle, &adev))
		return AE_OK;
	if (acpi_bus_get_status(adev) || !adev->status.present)
		return AE_OK;

	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
	info.acpi_node.companion = adev;
	info.irq = -1;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&resource_list);
	ret = acpi_dev_get_resources(adev, &resource_list,
				     acpi_i2c_add_resource, &info);
	acpi_dev_free_resource_list(&resource_list);

	if (ret < 0 || !info.addr)
		return AE_OK;

	adev->power.flags.ignore_parent = true;
	strlcpy(info.type, dev_name(&adev->dev), sizeof(info.type));
	if (!i2c_new_device(adapter, &info)) {
		adev->power.flags.ignore_parent = false;
		dev_err(&adapter->dev,
			"failed to add I2C device %s from ACPI\n",
			dev_name(&adev->dev));
	}

	return AE_OK;
}

/**
 * acpi_i2c_register_devices - enumerate I2C slave devices behind adapter
 * @adap: pointer to adapter
 *
 * Enumerate all I2C slave devices behind this adapter by walking the ACPI
 * namespace. When a device is found it will be added to the Linux device
 * model and bound to the corresponding ACPI handle.
 */
static void acpi_i2c_register_devices(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	acpi_handle handle;
	acpi_status status;

	if (!adap->dev.parent)
		return;

	handle = ACPI_HANDLE(adap->dev.parent);
	if (!handle)
		return;

	status = acpi_walk_namespace(ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE, handle, 1,
				     acpi_i2c_add_device, NULL,
				     adap, NULL);
	if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
		dev_warn(&adap->dev, "failed to enumerate I2C slaves\n");
}

#else /* CONFIG_ACPI */
static inline void acpi_i2c_register_devices(struct i2c_adapter *adap) { }
#endif /* CONFIG_ACPI */

#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_I2C_OPREGION
static int acpi_gsb_i2c_read_bytes(struct i2c_client *client,
		u8 cmd, u8 *data, u8 data_len)
{

	struct i2c_msg msgs[2];
	int ret;
	u8 *buffer;

	buffer = kzalloc(data_len, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!buffer)
		return AE_NO_MEMORY;

	msgs[0].addr = client->addr;
	msgs[0].flags = client->flags;
	msgs[0].len = 1;
	msgs[0].buf = &cmd;

	msgs[1].addr = client->addr;
	msgs[1].flags = client->flags | I2C_M_RD;
	msgs[1].len = data_len;
	msgs[1].buf = buffer;

	ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msgs, ARRAY_SIZE(msgs));
	if (ret < 0)
		dev_err(&client->adapter->dev, "i2c read failed\n");
	else
		memcpy(data, buffer, data_len);

	kfree(buffer);
	return ret;
}

static int acpi_gsb_i2c_write_bytes(struct i2c_client *client,
		u8 cmd, u8 *data, u8 data_len)
{

	struct i2c_msg msgs[1];
	u8 *buffer;
	int ret = AE_OK;

	buffer = kzalloc(data_len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!buffer)
		return AE_NO_MEMORY;

	buffer[0] = cmd;
	memcpy(buffer + 1, data, data_len);

	msgs[0].addr = client->addr;
	msgs[0].flags = client->flags;
	msgs[0].len = data_len + 1;
	msgs[0].buf = buffer;

	ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msgs, ARRAY_SIZE(msgs));
	if (ret < 0)
		dev_err(&client->adapter->dev, "i2c write failed\n");

	kfree(buffer);
	return ret;
}

static acpi_status
acpi_i2c_space_handler(u32 function, acpi_physical_address command,
			u32 bits, u64 *value64,
			void *handler_context, void *region_context)
{
	struct gsb_buffer *gsb = (struct gsb_buffer *)value64;
	struct acpi_i2c_handler_data *data = handler_context;
	struct acpi_connection_info *info = &data->info;
	struct acpi_resource_i2c_serialbus *sb;
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter = data->adapter;
	struct i2c_client client;
	struct acpi_resource *ares;
	u32 accessor_type = function >> 16;
	u8 action = function & ACPI_IO_MASK;
	acpi_status ret = AE_OK;
	int status;

	ret = acpi_buffer_to_resource(info->connection, info->length, &ares);
	if (ACPI_FAILURE(ret))
		return ret;

	if (!value64 || ares->type != ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_SERIAL_BUS) {
		ret = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
		goto err;
	}

	sb = &ares->data.i2c_serial_bus;
	if (sb->type != ACPI_RESOURCE_SERIAL_TYPE_I2C) {
		ret = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
		goto err;
	}

	memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
	client.adapter = adapter;
	client.addr = sb->slave_address;
	client.flags = 0;

	if (sb->access_mode == ACPI_I2C_10BIT_MODE)
		client.flags |= I2C_CLIENT_TEN;

	switch (accessor_type) {
	case ACPI_GSB_ACCESS_ATTRIB_SEND_RCV:
		if (action == ACPI_READ) {
			status = i2c_smbus_read_byte(&client);
			if (status >= 0) {
				gsb->bdata = status;
				status = 0;
			}
		} else {
			status = i2c_smbus_write_byte(&client, gsb->bdata);
		}
		break;

	case ACPI_GSB_ACCESS_ATTRIB_BYTE:
		if (action == ACPI_READ) {
			status = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(&client, command);
			if (status >= 0) {
				gsb->bdata = status;
				status = 0;
			}
		} else {
			status = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(&client, command,
					gsb->bdata);
		}
		break;

	case ACPI_GSB_ACCESS_ATTRIB_WORD:
		if (action == ACPI_READ) {
			status = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(&client, command);
			if (status >= 0) {
				gsb->wdata = status;
				status = 0;
			}
		} else {
			status = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(&client, command,
					gsb->wdata);
		}
		break;

	case ACPI_GSB_ACCESS_ATTRIB_BLOCK:
		if (action == ACPI_READ) {
			status = i2c_smbus_read_block_data(&client, command,
					gsb->data);
			if (status >= 0) {
				gsb->len = status;
				status = 0;
			}
		} else {
			status = i2c_smbus_write_block_data(&client, command,
					gsb->len, gsb->data);
		}
		break;

	case ACPI_GSB_ACCESS_ATTRIB_MULTIBYTE:
		if (action == ACPI_READ) {
			status = acpi_gsb_i2c_read_bytes(&client, command,
					gsb->data, info->access_length);
			if (status > 0)
				status = 0;
		} else {
			status = acpi_gsb_i2c_write_bytes(&client, command,
					gsb->data, info->access_length);
		}
		break;

	default:
		pr_info("protocol(0x%02x) is not supported.\n", accessor_type);
		ret = AE_BAD_PARAMETER;
		goto err;
	}

	gsb->status = status;

 err:
	ACPI_FREE(ares);
	return ret;
}


static int acpi_i2c_install_space_handler(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{
	acpi_handle handle;
	struct acpi_i2c_handler_data *data;
	acpi_status status;

	if (!adapter->dev.parent)
		return -ENODEV;

	handle = ACPI_HANDLE(adapter->dev.parent);

	if (!handle)
		return -ENODEV;

	data = kzalloc(sizeof(struct acpi_i2c_handler_data),
			    GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!data)
		return -ENOMEM;

	data->adapter = adapter;
	status = acpi_bus_attach_private_data(handle, (void *)data);
	if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
		kfree(data);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	status = acpi_install_address_space_handler(handle,
				ACPI_ADR_SPACE_GSBUS,
				&acpi_i2c_space_handler,
				NULL,
				data);
	if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
		dev_err(&adapter->dev, "Error installing i2c space handler\n");
		acpi_bus_detach_private_data(handle);
		kfree(data);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void acpi_i2c_remove_space_handler(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{
	acpi_handle handle;
	struct acpi_i2c_handler_data *data;
	acpi_status status;

	if (!adapter->dev.parent)
		return;

	handle = ACPI_HANDLE(adapter->dev.parent);

	if (!handle)
		return;

	acpi_remove_address_space_handler(handle,
				ACPI_ADR_SPACE_GSBUS,
				&acpi_i2c_space_handler);

	status = acpi_bus_get_private_data(handle, (void **)&data);
	if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status))
		kfree(data);

	acpi_bus_detach_private_data(handle);
}
#else /* CONFIG_ACPI_I2C_OPREGION */
static inline void acpi_i2c_remove_space_handler(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{ }

static inline int acpi_i2c_install_space_handler(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{ return 0; }
#endif /* CONFIG_ACPI_I2C_OPREGION */

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static const struct i2c_device_id *i2c_match_id(const struct i2c_device_id *id,
						const struct i2c_client *client)
{
	while (id->name[0]) {
		if (strcmp(client->name, id->name) == 0)
			return id;
		id++;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static int i2c_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
	struct i2c_client	*client = i2c_verify_client(dev);
	struct i2c_driver	*driver;

	if (!client)
		return 0;

	if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
			|
			of_match_device(drv->of_match_table, dev) != NULL;
				|
				of_match_node(matches, dev->of_node);
				|
				__of_device_is_compatible(node, matches->compatible, matches->type, matches->name);
					|
					of_compat_cmp(cp, compat, strlen(compat)
							|
							strcasecmp((s1), (s2))	// 忽略大小写 比较字符串
		return 1;

	/* Then ACPI style match */
	if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
		return 1;

	driver = to_i2c_driver(drv);
	/* match on an id table if there is one */
	if (driver->id_table)
		return i2c_match_id(driver->id_table, client) != NULL;

	return 0;
}


/* uevent helps with hotplug: modprobe -q $(MODALIAS) */
static int i2c_device_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
	struct i2c_client	*client = to_i2c_client(dev);
	int rc;

	rc = acpi_device_uevent_modalias(dev, env);
	if (rc != -ENODEV)
		return rc;

	if (add_uevent_var(env, "MODALIAS=%s%s",
			   I2C_MODULE_PREFIX, client->name))
		return -ENOMEM;
	dev_dbg(dev, "uevent\n");
	return 0;
}

/* i2c bus recovery routines */
static int get_scl_gpio_value(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	return gpio_get_value(adap->bus_recovery_info->scl_gpio);
}

static void set_scl_gpio_value(struct i2c_adapter *adap, int val)
{
	gpio_set_value(adap->bus_recovery_info->scl_gpio, val);
}

static int get_sda_gpio_value(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	return gpio_get_value(adap->bus_recovery_info->sda_gpio);
}

static int i2c_get_gpios_for_recovery(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bri = adap->bus_recovery_info;
	struct device *dev = &adap->dev;
	int ret = 0;

	ret = gpio_request_one(bri->scl_gpio, GPIOF_OPEN_DRAIN |
			GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "i2c-scl");
	if (ret) {
		dev_warn(dev, "Can't get SCL gpio: %d\n", bri->scl_gpio);
		return ret;
	}

	if (bri->get_sda) {
		if (gpio_request_one(bri->sda_gpio, GPIOF_IN, "i2c-sda")) {
			/* work without SDA polling */
			dev_warn(dev, "Can't get SDA gpio: %d. Not using SDA polling\n",
					bri->sda_gpio);
			bri->get_sda = NULL;
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

static void i2c_put_gpios_for_recovery(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bri = adap->bus_recovery_info;

	if (bri->get_sda)
		gpio_free(bri->sda_gpio);

	gpio_free(bri->scl_gpio);
}

/*
 * We are generating clock pulses. ndelay() determines durating of clk pulses.
 * We will generate clock with rate 100 KHz and so duration of both clock levels
 * is: delay in ns = (10^6 / 100) / 2
 */
#define RECOVERY_NDELAY		5000
#define RECOVERY_CLK_CNT	9

static int i2c_generic_recovery(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bri = adap->bus_recovery_info;
	int i = 0, val = 1, ret = 0;

	if (bri->prepare_recovery)
		bri->prepare_recovery(bri);

	/*
	 * By this time SCL is high, as we need to give 9 falling-rising edges
	 */
	while (i++ < RECOVERY_CLK_CNT * 2) {
		if (val) {
			/* Break if SDA is high */
			if (bri->get_sda && bri->get_sda(adap))
					break;
			/* SCL shouldn't be low here */
			if (!bri->get_scl(adap)) {
				dev_err(&adap->dev,
					"SCL is stuck low, exit recovery\n");
				ret = -EBUSY;
				break;
			}
		}

		val = !val;
		bri->set_scl(adap, val);
		ndelay(RECOVERY_NDELAY);
	}

	if (bri->unprepare_recovery)
		bri->unprepare_recovery(bri);

	return ret;
}

int i2c_generic_scl_recovery(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	adap->bus_recovery_info->set_scl(adap, 1);
	return i2c_generic_recovery(adap);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(i2c_generic_scl_recovery);

int i2c_generic_gpio_recovery(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	int ret;

	ret = i2c_get_gpios_for_recovery(adap);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = i2c_generic_recovery(adap);
	i2c_put_gpios_for_recovery(adap);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(i2c_generic_gpio_recovery);

int i2c_recover_bus(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
	if (!adap->bus_recovery_info)
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "Trying i2c bus recovery\n");
	return adap->bus_recovery_info->recover_bus(adap);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(i2c_recover_bus);

static int i2c_device_probe(struct device *dev)
{
	struct i2c_client	*client = i2c_verify_client(dev);
	struct i2c_driver	*driver;
	int statu