Libevent学习笔记，异步非阻塞SOCKET,从初等到高等代码

主要是自己这几天从网上的学习心得，把别人的资料整理一下，同时把其中出现的错误更正一下贴出来，希望能帮助小白上手libevent。

一下为直接转载：

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libevent简介

首先简单介绍一下libevent，它是一个开源的轻量级网络库，具有良好的跨平台特性，支持Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris, Android等各种平台，支持多种不同的I/O多路复用机制。它采用的是基于事件驱动（event-driven）的模型，这里的事件包括有：I/O，定时器，信号等。

event和event_base是其最核心的部分。

event_base

一、创建event_base

有两种方式。

第一，默认方式创建；

    struct event_base *event_base_new(void);  

默认情况下，libevent会选择该平台下效率最高的I/O多路复用机制作为其backend使用的method。

第二，自定义方式创建；

    struct event_config *event_config_new(void);  
    struct event_base *event_base_new_with_config(const struct event_config *cfg);  
    void event_config_free(struct event_config *cfg);  

首先，调用event_config_new()函数创建一个event_config对象，然后调用下面即将讲到的几个接口来指定method属性，再调用event_base_new_with_config()创建对应的event_base，创建完以后，event_config就没用了，别忘了释放掉。libevent为我们提供的这些接口函数有：

    int event_config_avoid_method(struct event_config *cfg, const char *method);  
      
    int event_config_require_features(struct event_config *cfg, enum event_method_feature feature);  
      
    int event_config_set_flag(struct event_config *cfg, enum event_base_config_flag flag);  

第一个，很直白地告诉libevent不希望使用哪个method，传入参数就是method的名字，比如说"epoll"；

第二个，告诉libevent需要支持哪些features，包括有：

    EV_FEATURE_ET 支持边沿触发方式（epoll）

    EV_FEATURE_O1 事件插入删除查找的时间复杂度均为O(1)（epoll）

    EV_FEATURE_FDS 支持任意的文件描述符，不止socket一种（select、poll）

第三个，设置flag，具体这里不再一一说明。

需要明确的是，上面三个接口函数若成功均返回0，-1则表示失败。

若平台没有满足指定要求的method，调用event_base_new_with_config()将返回NULL表示失败。

二、销毁event_base

方法很简单，直接调用函数

    void event_base_free(struct event_base *base);  

三、设置event_base的优先级

相关接口函数有：

    int event_base_priority_init(struct event_base *base, int n_priorities);  
      
    int event_base_get_npriorities(struct event_base *base);  

调用第一个函数，优先级被设置为0~n_priorities-1，其中0表示最高。

第二个函数返回的是该event_base所支持的事件优先级个数。

四、其它辅助函数

    const char **event_get_supported_methods(void);  

获取本平台所支持的所有methods。

！注意：这个函数返回的是一个字符串数组，内存空间是由该函数申请的，但不需要程序员去手动释放（如果手动释放的话，也不会出现bug）。（具体原因见代码实现）

    const char *event_base_get_method(const struct event_base *base);  

获取本event_base的backend所使用的method。

    enum event_method_feature event_base_get_features(const struct event_base *base);  

获取本event_base的backend所使用的method属性。返回的是对应的bitmask值。

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代码实例（主要 修正了http://blog.csdn.net/luotuo44/article/details/39670221上面代码的错误，感谢luotuo44提供的博文）：

1.初等代码：

客户端：

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<event.h>
#include<event2/util.h>




int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port);


void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void socket_read_cb(int fd, short events, void *arg);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    if( argc < 3 )
    {
        printf("please input 2 parameter\n");
        return -1;
    }


    //两个参数依次是服务器端的IP地址、端口号
    int sockfd = tcp_connect_server(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));
    if( sockfd == -1)
    {
        perror("tcp_connect error ");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("connect to server successful\n");

    struct event_base* base = event_base_new();

    struct event *ev_sockfd = event_new(base, sockfd,
                                        EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                        socket_read_cb, NULL);
    event_add(ev_sockfd, NULL);

    //监听终端输入事件
    struct event* ev_cmd = event_new(base, STDIN_FILENO,
                                      EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, cmd_msg_cb,
                                      (void*)&sockfd);


    event_add(ev_cmd, NULL);

    event_base_dispatch(base);

    printf("finished \n");
    return 0;
}






void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    int ret = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg));
    if( ret <= 0 )
    {
        perror("read fail ");
        exit(1);
    }

    int sockfd = *((int*)arg);

    //把终端的消息发送给服务器端
    //为了简单起见，不考虑写一半数据的情况
    write(sockfd, msg, ret);
}


void socket_read_cb(int fd, short events, void *arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    //为了简单起见，不考虑读一半数据的情况
    int len = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg)-1);
    if( len <= 0 )
    {
        perror("read fail ");
        exit(1);
    }

    msg[len] = '\0';

    printf("recv %s from server\n",msg);
}



typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port)
{
    int sockfd, status, save_errno;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr) );

    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    status = inet_aton(server_ip, &server_addr.sin_addr);

    if( status == 0 ) //the server_ip is not valid value
    {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if( sockfd == -1 )
        return sockfd;


    status = connect(sockfd, (SA*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr) );

    if( status == -1 )
    {
        save_errno = errno;
        close(sockfd);
        errno = save_errno; //the close may be error
        return -1;
    }

    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);

    return sockfd;
}

 服务器端：

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<event.h>
#include<event2/util.h>



void accept_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void socket_read_cb(int fd, short events, void *arg);

int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    int listener = tcp_server_init(9999, 10);
    if( listener == -1 )
    {
        perror(" tcp_server_init error ");
        return -1;
    }

    struct event_base* base = event_base_new();

    //添加监听客户端请求连接事件
    struct event* ev_listen = event_new(base, listener, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                        accept_cb, base);
    event_add(ev_listen, NULL);


    event_base_dispatch(base);

    return 0;
}



void accept_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    evutil_socket_t sockfd;

    struct sockaddr_in client;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(client);

    sockfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len );
    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);

    printf("accept a client %d\n", sockfd);

    struct event_base* base = (struct event_base*)arg;

    //仅仅是为了动态创建一个event结构体
    struct event *ev = event_new(NULL, -1, 0, NULL, NULL);
    //将动态创建的结构体作为event的回调参数
    event_assign(ev, base, sockfd, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                 socket_read_cb, (void*)ev);

    event_add(ev, NULL);
}


void socket_read_cb(int fd, short events, void *arg)
{
    char msg[4096];
    struct event *ev = (struct event*)arg;
    int len = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);



    if( len <= 0 )
    {
        printf("some error happen when read\n");
        close(event_get_fd(ev));
        event_free(ev);
        return ;
    }

    msg[len] = '\0';
    printf("recv the client msg: %s", msg);

    char reply_msg[4096] = "I have recvieced the msg: ";
    strcat(reply_msg + strlen(reply_msg), msg);

    write(fd, reply_msg, strlen(reply_msg) );
}



typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num)
{
    int errno_save;
    evutil_socket_t listener;

    listener = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if( listener == -1 )
        return -1;

    //允许多次绑定同一个地址。要用在socket和bind之间
    evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable(listener);

    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
    sin.sin_port = htons(port);

    if( bind(listener, (SA*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
        goto error;

    if( listen(listener, listen_num) < 0)
        goto error;


    //跨平台统一接口，将套接字设置为非阻塞状态
    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(listener);

    return listener;

    error:
        errno_save = errno;
        evutil_closesocket(listener);
        errno = errno_save;

        return -1;
}

中等代码：

客户端：

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<event.h>
#include<event2/bufferevent.h>
#include<event2/buffer.h>
#include<event2/util.h>




int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port);


void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    if( argc < 3 )
    {
        printf("please input 2 parameter\n");
        return -1;
    }


    //两个参数依次是服务器端的IP地址、端口号
    int sockfd = tcp_connect_server(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));
    if( sockfd == -1)
    {
        perror("tcp_connect error ");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("connect to server successful\n");

    struct event_base* base = event_base_new();

    struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, sockfd,
                                                     BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);

    //监听终端输入事件
    struct event* ev_cmd = event_new(base, STDIN_FILENO,
                                      EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, cmd_msg_cb,
                                      (void*)bev);
    event_add(ev_cmd, NULL);

    //当socket关闭时会用到回调参数
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, server_msg_cb, NULL, event_cb, (void*)ev_cmd);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);


    event_base_dispatch(base);

    printf("finished \n");
    return 0;
}






void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    int ret = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg));
    if( ret < 0 )
    {
        perror("read fail ");
        exit(1);
    }

    struct bufferevent* bev = (struct bufferevent*)arg;

    //把终端的消息发送给服务器端
    bufferevent_write(bev, msg, ret);
}


void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg));
    msg[len] = '\0';

    printf("recv %s from server\n", msg);
}


void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{

    if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
        printf("connection closed\n");
    else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
        printf("some other error\n");

    //这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
    bufferevent_free(bev);

    struct event *ev = (struct event*)arg;
    //因为socket已经没有，所以这个event也没有存在的必要了
    event_free(ev);
}


typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port)
{
    int sockfd, status, save_errno;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr) );

    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    status = inet_aton(server_ip, &server_addr.sin_addr);

    if( status == 0 ) //the server_ip is not valid value
    {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if( sockfd == -1 )
        return sockfd;


    status = connect(sockfd, (SA*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr) );

    if( status == -1 )
    {
        save_errno = errno;
        close(sockfd);
        errno = save_errno; //the close may be error
        return -1;
    }

    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);

    return sockfd;
}

服务器端：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>

#include<event.h>
#include<event2/bufferevent.h>



void accept_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void socket_read_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{

    int listener = tcp_server_init(9999, 10);
    if( listener == -1 )
    {
        perror(" tcp_server_init error ");
        return -1;
    }

    struct event_base* base = event_base_new();

    //添加监听客户端请求连接事件
    struct event* ev_listen = event_new(base, listener, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                        accept_cb, base);
    event_add(ev_listen, NULL);


    event_base_dispatch(base);
    event_base_free(base);


    return 0;
}



void accept_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    evutil_socket_t sockfd;

    struct sockaddr_in client;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(client);

    sockfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len );
    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(sockfd);

    printf("accept a client %d\n", sockfd);

    struct event_base* base = (struct event_base*)arg;

    struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, sockfd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, socket_read_cb, NULL, event_cb, arg);

    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);
}



void socket_read_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
    char msg[4096];

    size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg));

    msg[len] = '\0';
    printf("recv the client msg: %s", msg);


    char reply_msg[4096] = "I have recvieced the msg: ";

    strcat(reply_msg + strlen(reply_msg), msg);
    bufferevent_write(bev, reply_msg, strlen(reply_msg));
}



void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{

    if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
        printf("connection closed\n");
    else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
        printf("some other error\n");

    //这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
    bufferevent_free(bev);
}


typedef struct sockaddr SA;
int tcp_server_init(int port, int listen_num)
{
    int errno_save;
    evutil_socket_t listener;

    listener = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if( listener == -1 )
        return -1;

    //允许多次绑定同一个地址。要用在socket和bind之间
    evutil_make_listen_socket_reuseable(listener);

    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
    sin.sin_port = htons(port);

    if( bind(listener, (SA*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
        goto error;

    if( listen(listener, listen_num) < 0)
        goto error;


    //跨平台统一接口，将套接字设置为非阻塞状态
    evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(listener);

    return listener;

    error:
        errno_save = errno;
        evutil_closesocket(listener);
        errno = errno_save;

        return -1;
}

高等代码：

客户端：

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<event.h>
#include<event2/bufferevent.h>
#include<event2/buffer.h>
#include<event2/util.h>




int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port);


void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    if( argc < 3 )
    {
        //两个参数依次是服务器端的IP地址、端口号
        printf("please input 2 parameter\n");
        return -1;
    }

    struct event_base *base = event_base_new();

    struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, -1,
                                                     BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);

    //监听终端输入事件
    struct event* ev_cmd = event_new(base, STDIN_FILENO,
                                     EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                     cmd_msg_cb, (void*)bev);


    event_add(ev_cmd, NULL);

    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr) );

    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    inet_aton(argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);

    bufferevent_socket_connect(bev, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
                               sizeof(server_addr));


    bufferevent_setcb(bev, server_msg_cb, NULL, event_cb, (void*)ev_cmd);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);



    event_base_dispatch(base);

    printf("finished \n");
    return 0;
}





void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    int ret = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg));
    if( ret < 0 )
    {
        perror("read fail ");
        exit(1);
    }

    struct bufferevent* bev = (struct bufferevent*)arg;

    //把终端的消息发送给服务器端
    bufferevent_write(bev, msg, ret);
}


void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg));
    msg[len] = '\0';

    printf("recv %s from server\n", msg);
}


void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{

    if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
        printf("connection closed\n");
    else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
        printf("some other error\n");
    else if( event & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED)
    {
        printf("the client has connected to server\n");
        return ;
    }

    //这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
    bufferevent_free(bev);

    struct event *ev = (struct event*)arg;
    event_free(ev);
}

服务器端：

#include<netinet/in.h>  
#include<sys/socket.h>  
#include<unistd.h>  
  
#include<stdio.h>  
#include<string.h>  
  
#include<event.h>  
#include<event2/listener.h>  
#include<event2/bufferevent.h>  
#include<event2/thread.h>  
  
  
void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd, struct sockaddr *sock, int socklen, void *arg);  
  
void socket_read_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *arg);  
void socket_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *arg);  
  
int main()  
{  
    //evthread_use_pthreads();//enable threads  
  
    struct sockaddr_in sin;  
    memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));  
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    sin.sin_port = htons(9999);  
  
    struct event_base *base = event_base_new();  
    struct evconnlistener *listener  
            = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, base,  
                                      LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,  
                                      10, (struct sockaddr*)&sin,  
                                      sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));  
  
    event_base_dispatch(base);  
  
    evconnlistener_free(listener);  
    event_base_free(base);  
  
    return 0;  
}  
  
  
//一个新客户端连接上服务器了  
//当此函数被调用时，libevent已经帮我们accept了这个客户端。该客户端的
//文件描述符为fd
void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener,evutil_socket_t fd,  
                 struct sockaddr *sock, int socklen, void *arg)  
{  
    printf("accept a client %d\n", fd);  
  
    struct event_base *base = (struct event_base*)arg;  
  
    //为这个客户端分配一个bufferevent  
    struct bufferevent *bev =  bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd,  
                                               BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);  
  
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, socket_read_cb, NULL, socket_event_cb, NULL);  
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);  
}  
  
  
void socket_read_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *arg)  
{  
    char msg[4096];  
  
    size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg)-1 );  
  
    msg[len] = '\0';  
    printf("server read the data %s\n", msg);  
  
    char reply[] = "I has read your data";  
    bufferevent_write(bev, reply, strlen(reply) );  
}  
  
  
void socket_event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *arg)  
{  
    if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF)  
        printf("connection closed\n");  
    else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)  
        printf("some other error\n");  
  
    //这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区  
    bufferevent_free(bev);  
}