查看disk
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 445.1G 0 part /
nvme0n1 259:0 0 931.5G 0 disk /disk/0
nvme1n1 259:1 0 931.5G 0 disk /disk/1
其中 sda 下 有两个分区,用作系统
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 445.1G 0 part /
# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 xfs 445G 9.1G 436G 3% /M
devtmpfs devtmpfs 189G 0 189G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 0 189G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 35M 189G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 189G 0 189G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 2.0G 143M 1.9G 8% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1 ext4 917G 202G 669G 24% /disk/0
/dev/nvme1n1 ext4 917G 201G 670G 24% /disk/1
tmpfs tmpfs 38G 0 38G 0% /run/user/0
mount
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
61054976 inodes, 244190646 blocks
12209532 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2392850432
7453 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
# mkdir -p /disk/0
# mount /dev/nvme0n1 /disk/0
磁盘预留
大多数文件系统都会默认保留一部分空间用于紧急情况时用(比如硬盘空间满了),这样能保证有些关键应用(比如数据库)在硬盘满的时候有点余地,不致于马上就 crash,如果Linux系统有做文件系统使用率监控的话,那么这时就会有告警上报了,从而给系统维护人员争取一点时间去察觉。
在 Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 文件系统上默认预留5%的硬盘空间,如果硬盘是 1TB 的话就意味着有 50GB 的空间就这样浪费了。
- 查看默认预留的大小
# tune2fs -l /dev/vdb|egrep "Block size|Reserved block count"
Reserved block count: 3413063
Block size: 4096
- 使用tune2fs来修改预留空间
数字1既是预留的%。我设置成预留1%。
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/vdb