定义
- 首先,定义枚举要导入enum模块。
- 枚举定义用class关键字,继承Enum类。
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
red = 1
orange = 2
yellow = 3
green = 4
blue = 5
indigo = 6
purple = 7
注意:
- 定义枚举时,成员名称不允许重复
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
red = 1
red = 2
- 默认情况下,不同的成员值允许相同。但是两个相同值的成员,第二个成员的名称被视作第一个成员的别名
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
red = 1
red_alias = 1
- 如果枚举中存在相同值的成员,在通过值获取枚举成员时,只能获取到第一个成员
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
red = 1
red_alias = 1
print(Color(1)) # 输出结果为:Color.red
- 如果要限制定义枚举时,不能定义相同值的成员。可以使用装饰器@unique【要导入unique模块】
from enum import Enum, unique
@unique
class Color(Enum):
red = 1
red_alias = 1
枚举取值
2.1 通过成员的名称来获取成员
Color[‘red’]
2.2 通过成员值来获取成员
Color(2)
2.3 通过成员,来获取它的名称和值
red_member = Color.red
red_member.name
red_member.value
.members.items()
from enum import Enum, unique
@unique
class Weekday(Enum):
Sun = 0 # Sun的value被设定为0
Mon = 1
Tue = 2
Wed = 3
Thu = 4
Fri = 5
Sat = 6
for name, member in Weekday.__members__.items():
... print(name, '=>', member)
...
Sun => Weekday.Sun
Mon => Weekday.Mon
Tue => Weekday.Tue
Wed => Weekday.Wed
Thu => Weekday.Thu
Fri => Weekday.Fri
Sat => Weekday.Sat