python实现一个简单的ping工具

继上一篇计算checksum校验和，本章通过socket套接字，struct字节打包成二进制，select返回套接字的文件描述符的结合，实现一个简单的ping工具。

#!/usr/bin/python3.6.4
#!coding:utf-8
__author__ = 'Rosefinch'
__date__ = '2018/5/31 22:27'

import time
import struct
import socket
import select
import sys

def chesksum(data):
    """
    校验
    """
    n = len(data)
    m = n % 2
    sum = 0 
    for i in range(0, n - m ,2):
        sum += (data[i]) + ((data[i+1]) << 8)#传入data以每两个字节（十六进制）通过ord转十进制，第一字节在低位，第二个字节在高位
    if m:
        sum += (data[-1])
    #将高于16位与低16位相加
    sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff)
    sum += (sum >> 16) #如果还有高于16位，将继续与低16位相加
    answer = ~sum & 0xffff
    #主机字节序转网络字节序列（参考小端序转大端序）
    answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)
    return answer 

    '''
    连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
    '''
def raw_socket(dst_addr,imcp_packet):
    rawsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))
    send_request_ping_time = time.time()
    #send data to the socket
    rawsocket.sendto(imcp_packet,(dst_addr,80))
    return send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,dst_addr

    '''
    request ping
    '''
def request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body):
    #把字节打包成二进制数据
    imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
    icmp_chesksum = chesksum(imcp_packet)#获取校验和
    imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,icmp_chesksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
    return imcp_packet
    '''
    reply ping
    '''
def reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence,timeout = 2):
    while True:
        started_select = time.time()
        what_ready = select.select([rawsocket], [], [], timeout)
        wait_for_time = (time.time() - started_select)
        if what_ready[0] == []:  # Timeout
            return -1
        time_received = time.time()
        received_packet, addr = rawsocket.recvfrom(1024)
        icmpHeader = received_packet[20:28]
        type, code, checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack(
            ">BBHHH", icmpHeader
        )
        if type == 0 and sequence == data_Sequence:
            return time_received - send_request_ping_time
        timeout = timeout - wait_for_time
        if timeout <= 0:
            return -1

    '''
    实现 ping 主机/ip
    '''
def ping(host):
    data_type = 8 # ICMP Echo Request
    data_code = 0 # must be zero
    data_checksum = 0 # "...with value 0 substituted for this field..."
    data_ID = 0 #Identifier
    data_Sequence = 1 #Sequence number
    payload_body = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi' #data
    dst_addr = socket.gethostbyname(host)#将主机名转ipv4地址格式，返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串，如果主机名称是ipv4地址，则它将保持不变
    print("正在 Ping {0} [{1}] 具有 32 字节的数据:".format(host,dst_addr))
    for i in range(0,4):
        icmp_packet = request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence + i,payload_body)
        send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,addr = raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet)
        times = reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence + i)
        if times > 0:
            print("来自 {0} 的回复: 字节=32 时间={1}ms".format(addr,int(times*1000)))
            time.sleep(0.7)
        else:
            print("请求超时。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        sys.exit('Usage: ping.py <host>')
    ping(sys.argv[1])

>python .\Ping_tool.py www.csdn.net
正在 Ping www.csdn.net [47.95.164.112] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 47.95.164.112 的回复: 字节=32 时间=39ms
来自 47.95.164.112 的回复: 字节=32 时间=40ms
来自 47.95.164.112 的回复: 字节=32 时间=40ms
来自 47.95.164.112 的回复: 字节=32 时间=39ms

引用：
https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html
https://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html#select.select
https://docs.python.org/3/library/struct.html