使用Apache commons-fileupload实现文件上传

使用Apache commons-fileupload实现文件上传

文件上传功能在很多的web项目中都会使用到,JavaEE的框架中也可以很方便地实现文件上传。下面举一个简单的例子,演示在Servlet中的文件上传功能。

首先创建一个Servlet类,继承自HttpServlet:

package com.demo.upload;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

/**
 * 文件上传功能Servlet
 *
 * @author 小明
 */
@WebServlet("/upload")
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    // ……   
}

@WebServet注解是Servlet3.0的特性,如果使用的Servlet2.5,则还是需要配置web.xml。

重写doGet()方法,当客户端浏览器发起GET请求时,显示上传文件界面:

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().append("<html>").append("<head><title>上传文件</title></head>").append("<body>")
                .append("<form action='upload' method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data'>")
                .append("选择上传文件:<input type='file' name='file_upload' /><br/>")
                .append("选择上传文件:<input type='file' name='file_upload' /><br/>")
                .append("用户:<input type='text' name='user' /><br/>").append("<input type='submit' value='上传' />")
                .append("</form>").append("</body>").append("</html>");
    }

要上传文件,表单的提交方式应为POST提交,同时,将enctype属性值必为multipart/form-data。

重写doPost方法,表单提交时,调用该方法处理上传:

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024); // 设置单个文件最大上传大小
        String username = "";
        try {
            // 解析request中的FileItem
            List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
            for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
                if (!fileItem.isFormField()) { // 文件
                    // 保存的目标文件位置
                    String dest = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("\\upload") // upload文件夹
                            + File.separator // 分隔符
                            + fileItem.getName(); // 文件名
                    // 将文件写入服务器路径中
                    fileItem.write(new File(dest));
                    System.out.println("成功");
                } else {
                    String fieldName = fileItem.getFieldName();
                    if ("user".equals(fieldName)) {
                        username = fileItem.getString();
                    }
                }
            }

            response.getWriter().append(username + "文件上传成功");
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

将该Servlet部署到web容器中,访问/upload获取上传文件的界面,选择上传文件,填写用户信息,点击上传按钮,即可将文件上传到服务器端upload文件夹中保存。

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Apachecommons-fileupload.jar放在应用程序的WEB-INF\lib下,即可使用。下面举例介绍如何使用它的文件上传功能。 所使用fileUpload版本为1.2,环境为Eclipse3.3+MyEclipse6.0。FileUpload 是基于 Commons IO的,所以在进入项目前先确定Commons IO的jar包(本文使用commons-io-1.3.2.jar)在WEB-INF\lib下。 此文作示例工程可在文章最后的附件中下载。 示例1 最简单的例子,通过ServletFileUpload静态类来解析Request,工厂类FileItemFactory会对mulipart类的表单中的所有字段进行处理,不只是file字段。getName()得到文件名,getString()得到表单数据内容,isFormField()可判断是否为普通的表单项。 demo1.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> //必须是multipart的表单数据。 <form name="myform" action="demo1.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> Your name: <br> <input type="text" name="name" size="15"><br> File:<br> <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo1.jsp <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.*"%> <%@ page import="java.util.*"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <% boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);//检查输入请求是否为multipart表单数据。 if (isMultipart == true) { FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();//为该请求创建一个DiskFileItemFactory对象,通过它来解析请求。执行解析后,所有的表单项目都保存在一个List中。 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request); Iterator<FileItem> itr = items.iterator(); while (itr.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) itr.next(); //检查当前项目是普通表单项目还是上传文件。 if (item.isFormField()) {//如果是普通表单项目,显示表单内容。 String fieldName = item.getFieldName(); if (fieldName.equals("name")) //对应demo1.html中type="text" name="name" out.print("the field name is" + item.getString());//显示表单内容。 out.print("<br>"); } else {//如果是上传文件,显示文件名。 out.print("the upload file name is" + item.getName()); out.print("<br>"); } } } else { out.print("the enctype must be multipart/form-data"); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 结果: the field name isjeff the upload file name isD:\C语言考试样题\作业题.rar 示例2 上传两个文件到指定的目录。 demo2.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> <form name="myform" action="demo2.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File1:<br> <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> File2:<br> <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo2.jsp <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.*"%> <%@ page import="java.util.*"%> <%@ page import="java.io.*"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <%String uploadPath="D:\\\\temp"; boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if(isMultipart==true){ try{ FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);//得到所有的文件 Iterator<FileItem> itr = items.iterator(); while(itr.hasNext()){//依次处理每个文件 FileItem item=(FileItem)itr.next(); String fileName=item.getName();//获得文件名,包括路径 if(fileName!=null){ File fullFile=new File(item.getName()); File savedFile=new File(uploadPath,fullFile.getName()); item.write(savedFile); } } out.print("upload succeed"); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } else{ out.println("the enctype must be multipart/form-data"); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 结果: upload succeed 此时,在"D:\temp"下可以看到你上传的两个文件。 示例3 上传一个文件到指定的目录,并限定文件大小。 demo3.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> <form name="myform" action="demo3.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File:<br> <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo3.jsp <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*"%> <%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.*"%> <%@ page import="java.util.*"%> <%@ page import="java.io.*"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <% File uploadPath = new File("D:\\temp");//上传文件目录 if (!uploadPath.exists()) { uploadPath.mkdirs(); } // 临时文件目录 File tempPathFile = new File("d:\\temp\\buffer\\"); if (!tempPathFile.exists()) { tempPathFile.mkdirs(); } try { // Create a factory for disk-based file items DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Set factory constraints factory.setSizeThreshold(4096); // 设置缓冲区大小,这里是4kb factory.setRepository(tempPathFile);//设置缓冲区目录 // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Set overall request size constraint upload.setSizeMax(4194304); // 设置最大文件尺寸,这里是4MB List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);//得到所有的文件 Iterator<FileItem> i = items.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { FileItem fi = (FileItem) i.next(); String fileName = fi.getName(); if (fileName != null) { File fullFile = new File(fi.getName()); File savedFile = new File(uploadPath, fullFile .getName()); fi.write(savedFile); } } out.print("upload succeed"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 示例4 利用Servlet来实现文件上传Upload.java package com.zj.sample; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class Upload extends HttpServlet { private String uploadPath = "D:\\temp"; // 上传文件的目录 private String tempPath = "d:\\temp\\buffer\\"; // 临时文件目录 File tempPathFile; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { try { // Create a factory for disk-based file items DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Set factory constraints factory.setSizeThreshold(4096); // 设置缓冲区大小,这里是4kb factory.setRepository(tempPathFile);// 设置缓冲区目录 // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Set overall request size constraint upload.setSizeMax(4194304); // 设置最大文件尺寸,这里是4MB List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);// 得到所有的文件 Iterator<FileItem> i = items.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { FileItem fi = (FileItem) i.next(); String fileName = fi.getName(); if (fileName != null) { File fullFile = new File(fi.getName()); File savedFile = new File(uploadPath, fullFile.getName()); fi.write(savedFile); } } System.out.print("upload succeed"); } catch (Exception e) { // 可以跳转出错页面 e.printStackTrace(); } } public void init() throws ServletException { File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath); if (!uploadFile.exists()) { uploadFile.mkdirs(); } File tempPathFile = new File(tempPath); if (!tempPathFile.exists()) { tempPathFile.mkdirs(); } } } demo4.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> // action="fileupload"对应web.xml中<servlet-mapping>中<url-pattern>的设置. <form name="myform" action="fileupload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File:<br> <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> web.xml <servlet> <servlet-name>Upload</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zj.sample.Upload</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Upload</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/fileupload</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

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