设计模式-原型

1.使用场景
<1>通过new产生一个对象需要非常繁琐的数据准备或访问权限，可以使用原型模式
<2>java中的克隆技术以某个对象为原型，复制出新的对象，显然新的对象具备原对象的特点。克隆类似于new,但是不同于new。new创建新的对象属性采用的是默认值。克隆出的对象的属性值完全和原型对象相同
2.优势
效率高(直接克隆，避免了重新执行构造过程的步骤)
3.实现
对象实现Cloneable接口(标志类接口)，实现Object中的克隆方法
原型模式中实现最困难的地方是内存复制操作
4.代码
<1>浅克隆

    //对象
    public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;

    public Sheep(String name, Date birthday) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }
    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object object=super.clone();
        return object;
    }
}
    //客户端
    public class ClientSimple {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Date date=new Date(12132312312l);
        Sheep sheep=new Sheep("少利", date);
        System.out.println(sheep);
        System.out.println(sheep.getName());
        System.out.println(sheep.getBirthday());
        Sheep sheep2=(Sheep)sheep.clone();
        date.setTime(23456712312312l);
        System.out.println(date);
        System.out.println(sheep2);
        System.out.println(sheep2.getName());
        System.out.println(sheep2.getBirthday());
    }
}
   //执行结果
   com.test.pattern.Sheep@6c22e349
    少利
    Thu May 21 18:05:12 CST 1970
    Sat Apr 26 01:25:12 CST 2713
    com.test.pattern.Sheep@575887db
    少利
    Sat Apr 26 01:25:12 CST 2713

<2>深克隆
```
//对象
public class SheepDeep implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private Date birthday;
public SheepDeep(String name, Date birthday) {
    super();
    this.name = name;
    this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
    return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
    this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Object object=super.clone();
    SheepDeep sheepDeep=(SheepDeep)object;
    sheepDeep.birthday=(Date)this.birthday.clone();
    return sheepDeep;
}

}
//客户端
public class ClientDeep {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Date date=new Date(123456789l);
SheepDeep sheepDeep=new SheepDeep(“少利”, date);
SheepDeep sheepDeep2=(SheepDeep)sheepDeep.clone();
System.out.println(sheepDeep);
System.out.println(sheepDeep.getName());
System.out.println(sheepDeep.getBirthday());
date.setTime(1234567123l);
System.out.println(sheepDeep.getBirthday());
sheepDeep2.setName(“多利”);
System.out.println(sheepDeep2);
System.out.println(sheepDeep2.getName());
System.out.println(sheepDeep2.getBirthday());
}
}
//执行结果
com.test.pattern.SheepDeep@5195da41
少利
Fri Jan 02 18:17:36 CST 1970
Thu Jan 15 14:56:07 CST 1970
com.test.pattern.SheepDeep@15aec462
多利
Fri Jan 02 18:17:36 CST 1970
“`
利用序列化和反序列化实现深度克隆

public class ClientSerializable {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Date date=new Date(12345678l);
        Sheep s1=new Sheep("少利", date);
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s1.getName());
        System.out.println(s1.getBirthday());
        //序列化方式实现深克隆
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
        oos.writeObject(s1);
        byte[] byteArray=bos.toByteArray();
        //反序列化
        ByteArrayInputStream bis=new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray);
        ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(bis);
        Sheep s2=(Sheep)ois.readObject();
        date.setTime(1111111111111l);
        System.out.println("s1 birthday:"+s1.getBirthday());
        s2.setName("多利");
        System.out.println(s2);
        System.out.println(s2.getName());
        System.out.println(s2.getBirthday());
    }
}
  //执行结果
  com.test.pattern.Sheep@59c527be
少利
Thu Jan 01 11:25:45 CST 1970
s1 birthday:Fri Mar 18 09:58:31 CST 2005
com.test.pattern.Sheep@63d6dc46
多利
Thu Jan 01 11:25:45 CST 1970