matble中函数rand()随机数生成器(二)

本文介绍了MATLAB中不再推荐的rand()函数旧语法,包括'seed'、'state'和'twister',并详细阐述了如何使用rng函数进行替换。 rng函数现在成为控制随机数生成器的标准方式,它可以用于初始化生成器的整数种子或状态向量,以实现随机数序列的复现或避免每次都产生相同序列。对于不能升级旧代码的情况,MATLAB提供了传统模式来兼容旧的rand和randn语法。
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在前面matble中函数rand()中,介绍了rand()函数的一般用法,


通过rand()或者randn()函数使用‘seed’,‘state’,‘twister’来控制随机数发生器 ,例如

rand('twister',5489),就是matble重置随机生成数编译器,使在不同方法(算法)下有相同的初始化,同时又可以保证实验结果可以复现。

rand('seed',sd)
randn('seed',sd)
rand('state',s)
randn('state',s)
rand('twister',5489)

这些语法指的是不同类型的生成器,因此不再推荐它们,原因如下:

1)术语‘seed’与‘state’是生成器的错误名称。

2)所有上面这些生成器,除了‘twister’,其余都有缺陷。

3)它们不必要为rand与randn使用不同的生成器。

要评估替换现有代码中不鼓励语法的影响,请在MATLAB会话开始时执行以下命令:

warning('on','MATLAB:RandStream:ActivatingLegacyGenerators')
warning('on','MATLAB:RandStream:ReadingInactiveLegacyGeneratorState')

替换语法说明 :

使用rng函数来控制,rand,randn,randi和所有其他随机数生成函数(如randperm,sprand等),所使用的共享生成器。因此要使用rng函数来替换现有语法,需要多花时间了解这些函数的功能。

rand(Generator,s)或randn(Generator,s)的第一个输入指定了发生器的类型

Generator='seed'     引用的是Matble的v4生成器

Generator='state'    引用的是Matble的v5生成器

Generator='twister'  引用的是Mersenne Twister生成器,这也是Matble现在使用的生成器

v4与v5生成器不在推荐,除非你试图精确复现随机数,在早期matble版本上。最简单的方式是更新代码采用rng函数

rng函数替换rand与randn中的generator,如下:

rand/randn Generator Name rng Generator Name
'seed' 'v4'
'state' 'v5uniform' (for 
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