windows程序设计 例题解析 KEYVIEM1.C

/*--------------------------------------------------------
   KEYVIEW1.C -- Displays Keyboard and Character Messages
                 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998
  --------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("KeyView1") ;
     HWND         hwnd ;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;
    
     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
    
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Keyboard Message Viewer #1"),
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
    
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
    
     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     static int   cxClientMax, cyClientMax, cxClient, cyClient, cxChar, cyChar ;
     static int   cLinesMax, cLines ;
     static PMSG  pmsg ;
     static RECT  rectScroll ;
     static TCHAR szTop[] = TEXT ("Message        Key       Char     ")  //显示的标题
                            TEXT ("Repeat Scan Ext ALT Prev Tran") ;
     static TCHAR szUnd[] = TEXT ("_______        ___       ____     ")//标题下显示下划线

                            TEXT ("______ ____ ___ ___ ____ ____") ;

     static TCHAR * szFormat[2] = {
         
               TEXT ("%-13s %3d %-15s%c%6u %4d %3s %3s %4s %4s"),
               TEXT ("%-13s            0x%04X%1s%c %6u %4d %3s %3s %4s %4s") } ;  //显示格式

     static TCHAR * szYes  = TEXT ("Yes") ;
     static TCHAR * szNo   = TEXT ("No") ;
     static TCHAR * szDown = TEXT ("Down") ;
     static TCHAR * szUp   = TEXT ("Up") ;
//存储各种按键消息
     static TCHAR * szMessage [] = {
                         TEXT ("WM_KEYDOWN"),    TEXT ("WM_KEYUP"),
                         TEXT ("WM_CHAR"),       TEXT ("WM_DEADCHAR"),
                         TEXT ("WM_SYSKEYDOWN"), TEXT ("WM_SYSKEYUP"),
                         TEXT ("WM_SYSCHAR"),    TEXT ("WM_SYSDEADCHAR") } ;
     HDC          hdc ;
     int          i, iType ;
     PAINTSTRUCT  ps ;
     TCHAR        szBuffer[128], szKeyName [32] ;
     TEXTMETRIC   tm ;
    
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
     case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE:
    
               // 获取客户区大小

          cxClientMax = GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXMAXIMIZED) ;
          cyClientMax = GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYMAXIMIZED) ;

              // 获取字体信息

          hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;

          SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
          GetTextMetrics (hdc, &tm) ;
          cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth ;
          cyChar = tm.tmHeight ;

          ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;

   // 每一行对应一条消息，分配clinesmax条消息，也就是说一个窗口只能显示出clinesmax条消息的内容，其它的将被滚动

          if (pmsg)
               free (pmsg) ;

          cLinesMax = cyClientMax / cyChar ;  //行数
          pmsg = (PMSG)malloc (cLinesMax * sizeof (MSG)) ;
          cLines = 0 ;
                                   // fall through
     case WM_SIZE:
          if (message == WM_SIZE)
          {
               cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
               cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
          }
               //消息滚动的矩形范围

          rectScroll.left   = 0 ;
          rectScroll.right  = cxClient ;
          rectScroll.top    = cyChar ;
          rectScroll.bottom = cyChar * (cyClient / cyChar) ;

          InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;//可以省略
          return 0 ;
         
     case WM_KEYDOWN:
     case WM_KEYUP:
     case WM_CHAR:
     case WM_DEADCHAR:
     case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
     case WM_SYSKEYUP:
     case WM_SYSCHAR:
     case WM_SYSDEADCHAR:

               // Rearrange storage array

          for (i = cLinesMax - 1 ; i > 0 ; i--)
          {
               pmsg[i] = pmsg[i - 1] ;           //自己创建的一个消息队列，依次从系统消息队列获取消息后，存放在这个自己创建的消息对象中
                                        //并不断晚后移，即第一个消息，放到第二个消息的位置，第二个消息放到第三个消息的位置
          }
               // Store new message

          pmsg[0].hwnd = hwnd ;
          pmsg[0].message = message ;
          pmsg[0].wParam = wParam ;
          pmsg[0].lParam = lParam ;

          cLines = min (cLines + 1, cLinesMax) ;  //每产生一个消息，行数加一

               // Scroll up the display

          ScrollWindow (hwnd, 0, -cyChar, &rectScroll, &rectScroll) ; //滚动消息

          break ;        // ie, call DefWindowProc so Sys messages work
         
     case WM_PAINT:
          hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;

          SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
          SetBkMode (hdc, TRANSPARENT) ;  //透明模式，使得下划线和字符都可以显示出来
          TextOut (hdc, 0, 0, szTop, lstrlen (szTop)) ;
          TextOut (hdc, 0, 0, szUnd, lstrlen (szUnd)) ;

          for (i = 0 ; i < min (cLines, cyClient / cyChar - 1) ; i++)  //这个循环很重要，最先出现的消息显示在最上面，好好理解下（因为自己建的队列中，每一次循环都把先前的消息往后移动了）
          {
               iType = pmsg[i].message == WM_CHAR ||
                       pmsg[i].message == WM_SYSCHAR ||
                       pmsg[i].message == WM_DEADCHAR ||
                       pmsg[i].message == WM_SYSDEADCHAR ;  //若是这些消息之一，itype= true

               GetKeyNameText (pmsg[i].lParam, szKeyName, 
                               sizeof (szKeyName) / sizeof (TCHAR)) ;  // 获取各个按键上面显示的字符串

               TextOut (hdc, 0, (cyClient / cyChar - 1 - i) * cyChar, szBuffer,
                        wsprintf (szBuffer, szFormat [iType],
                             szMessage [pmsg[i].message - WM_KEYFIRST],      //显示消息            
                             pmsg[i].wParam,                                 //显示虚拟键值
                             (PTSTR) (iType ? TEXT (" ") : szKeyName),       //获取按键上面显示的字符串
                             (TCHAR) (iType ? pmsg[i].wParam : ' '),       
                             LOWORD (pmsg[i].lParam),
                             HIWORD (pmsg[i].lParam) & 0xFF,

//以下显示的是lparam参数中的转换状态，环境代码，重复计数，键的先前状态等信息，不要深究
                             0x01000000 & pmsg[i].lParam ? szYes  : szNo,
                             0x20000000 & pmsg[i].lParam ? szYes  : szNo,
                             0x40000000 & pmsg[i].lParam ? szDown : szUp,
                             0x80000000 & pmsg[i].lParam ? szUp   : szDown)) ;
          }
          EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          return 0 ;

     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}