python @contextmanager

今天看代码看到了@contextmanager
记录一下

@contextlib.contextmanager
This function is a decorator that can be used to define a factory function for with statement context managers, without needing to create a class or separate enter() and exit() methods.

While many objects natively support use in with statements, sometimes a resource needs to be managed that isn’t a context manager in its own right, and doesn’t implement a close() method for use with contextlib.closing

An abstract example would be the following to ensure correct resource management:

from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def managed_resource(*args, **kwds):
# Code to acquire resource, e.g.:
resource = acquire_resource(*args, **kwds)
try:
yield resource
finally:
# Code to release resource, e.g.:
release_resource(resource)

with managed_resource(timeout=3600) as resource:
… # Resource is released at the end of this block,
… # even if code in the block raises an exception
The function being decorated must return a generator-iterator when called. This iterator must yield exactly one value, which will be bound to the targets in the with statement’s as clause, if any.

At the point where the generator yields, the block nested in the with statement is executed. The generator is then resumed after the block is exited. If an unhandled exception occurs in the block, it is reraised inside the generator at the point where the yield occurred. Thus, you can use a try…except…finally statement to trap the error (if any), or ensure that some cleanup takes place. If an exception is trapped merely in order to log it or to perform some action (rather than to suppress it entirely), the generator must reraise that exception. Otherwise the generator context manager will indicate to the with statement that the exception has been handled, and execution will resume with the statement immediately following the with statement.

contextmanager() uses ContextDecorator so the context managers it creates can be used as decorators as well as in with statements. When used as a decorator, a new generator instance is implicitly created on each function call (this allows the otherwise “one-shot” context managers created by contextmanager() to meet the requirement that context managers support multiple invocations in order to be used as decorators).