cursor row 的使用方法 第九章

cursor row 的使用方法 第九章

1 Cursor Objects

class sqlite3.Cursor
主要用于sql语句的执行和执行结果的获取。

Cursor instance 的常用属性和方法如下，更多的介绍参考python文档。

1.1 Cursor.execute(sql[, parameters])

Executes an SQL statement. The SQL statement may be parametrized (i. e. placeholders instead of SQL literals). The sqlite3 module supports two kinds of placeholders: question marks (qmark style:”?”) and named placeholders (named style).

This example shows how to use parameters with qmark style:

import sqlite3

con = sqlite3.connect("mydb")

cur = con.cursor()

who = "Yeltsin"
age = 72

cur.execute("select name_last, age from people where name_last=? and age=?", (who, age))
print cur.fetchone()

This example shows how to use the named style:

import sqlite3

con = sqlite3.connect("mydb")

cur = con.cursor()

who = "Yeltsin"
age = 72

cur.execute("select name_last, age from people where name_last=:who and age=:age",
    {"who": who, "age": age})
print cur.fetchone()

execute() will only execute a single SQL statement. If you try to execute more than one statement with it, it will raise a Warning. Use executescript() if you want to execute multiple SQL statements with one call.

1.2 Cursor.executemany(sql, seq_of_parameters)

Executes an SQL command against all parameter sequences or mappings found in the sequence sql. The sqlite3 module also allows using an iterator yielding parameters instead of a sequence.

import sqlite3

class IterChars:
    def __init__(self):
        self.count = ord('a')

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def next(self):
        if self.count > ord('z'):
            raise StopIteration
        self.count += 1
        return (chr(self.count - 1),)
         # this is a 1-tuple

con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute("create table characters(c)")

theIter = IterChars()
cur.executemany("insert into characters(c) values (?)", theIter)

cur.execute("select c from characters")
print cur.fetchall()

Here’s a shorter example using a generator:

import sqlite3

def char_generator():
    import string
    for c in string.letters[:26]:
        yield (c,)

con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute("create table characters(c)")

cur.executemany("insert into characters(c) values (?)", char_generator())

cur.execute("select c from characters")
print cur.fetchall()
Cursor.executescript(sql_script)

This is a nonstandard convenience method for executing multiple SQL statements at once. It issues a COMMIT statement first, then executes the SQL script it gets as a parameter.

sql_script can be a bytestring or a Unicode string.

Example:

import sqlite3

con = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
cur = con.cursor()
cur.executescript("""
    create table person(
        firstname,
        lastname,
        age
    );

    create table book(
        title,
        author,
        published
    );

    insert into book(title, author, published)
    values (
        'Dirk Gently''s Holistic Detective Agency',
        'Douglas Adams',
        1987
    );
    """)

1.3 Cursor.fetchone()

Fetches the next row of a query result set, returning a single sequence, or None when no more data is available.

1.4 Cursor.fetchmany([size=cursor.arraysize])

Fetches the next set of rows of a query result, returning a list. An empty list is returned when no more rows are available.

The number of rows to fetch per call is specified by the size parameter. If it is not given, the cursor’s arraysize determines the number of rows to be fetched. The method should try to fetch as many rows as indicated by the size parameter. If this is not possible due to the specified number of rows not being available, fewer rows may be returned.

Note there are performance considerations involved with the size parameter. For optimal performance, it is usually best to use the arraysize attribute. If the size parameter is used, then it is best for it to retain the same value from one fetchmany() call to the next.

1.5 Cursor.fetchall()

Fetches all (remaining) rows of a query result, returning a list. Note that the cursor’s arraysize attribute can affect the performance of this operation. An empty list is returned when no rows are available.

2 Row Objects

class sqlite3.Row

A Row instance serves as a highly optimized row_factory for Connection objects. It tries to mimic a tuple in most of its features.
It supports mapping access by column name and index, iteration, representation, equality testing and len().

keys()
This method returns a tuple of column names. Immediately after a query, it is the first member of each tuple in Cursor.description.

Let’s assume we initialize a table as in the example given above:

conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('''create table stocks
(date text, trans text, symbol text,
 qty real, price real)''')
c.execute("""insert into stocks
          values ('2006-01-05','BUY','RHAT',100,35.14)""")
conn.commit()
c.close()
Now we plug Row in:

>>> conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
>>> c = conn.cursor()
>>> c.execute('select * from stocks')
<sqlite3.Cursor object at 0x7f4e7dd8fa80>
>>> r = c.fetchone()
>>> type(r)
<type 'sqlite3.Row'>
>>> r
(u'2006-01-05', u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100.0, 35.14)
>>> len(r)
5
>>> r[2]
u'RHAT'
>>> r.keys()
['date', 'trans', 'symbol', 'qty', 'price']
>>> r['qty']
100.0
>>> for member in r: print member
...
2006-01-05
BUY
RHAT
100.0
35.14