nio介绍
- 为所有的原始类型提供(Buffer)缓存支持。
- 为字符集编码解码提供解决方案。
- Channel :一个新的原始I/O 抽象。
- 支持锁和内存映射文件的文件访问接口。
- 提供多路(non-bloking) 非阻塞式的高伸缩性网络I/O 。
nio原理
NIO技术省去了将操作系统的read buffer拷贝到程序的buffer, 以及从程序buffer拷贝到socket buffer的步骤
扩展
将 read buffer 拷贝到socket buffer的FileChannel.transferTo()方法就是这样的实现, 这个实现是依赖于操作系统底层的sendFile()实现的。
publicvoid transferTo(long position, long count, WritableByteChannel target);
他的底层调用的是系统调用sendFile()方法;
sendfile(int out_fd, int in_fd, off_t *offset, size_t count);
传统IO原理
- 先将文件内容从磁盘中拷贝到操作系统buffer
- 再从操作系统buffer拷贝到程序应用buffer
- 从程序buffer拷贝到socket buffer
- 从socket buffer拷贝到协议引擎.
传统的I/O程序读取文件内容, 并写入到另一个文件(或Socket), 会有较大的性能开销, 主要表现在一下两方面:
1. 上下文切换(context switch), 此处有4次用户态和内核态的切换
2. Buffer内存开销。一个是应用程序buffer, 另一个是系统读取buffer以及socket buffer
运行示意图如下
与传统IO区别
NIO技术省去了将操作系统的read buffer拷贝到程序的buffer, 以及从程序buffer拷贝到socket buffer的步骤
下图看不懂就跳过去(因为nio很复杂,不是下图可以完全解释的了的)
案例
客户端
package fei.com;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
public class ClientHandle implements Runnable {
private String host;
private int port;
private Selector selector;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
private volatile boolean stop;
public ClientHandle(String host, int port) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
try {
selector = Selector.open();
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
//异常停止
System.exit(1);
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
*/
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doConnect();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
while (!stop) {
try {
selector.select(1000);
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();
SelectionKey key = null;
while (it.hasNext()) {
key = it.next();
it.remove();
try {
handleInput(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (key != null) {
key.cancel();
if (key.channel() != null)
key.channel().close();
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
// 多路复用器关闭后,所有注册在上面的Channel和Pipe等资源都会被自动去注册并关闭,所以不需要重复释放资源
if (selector != null)
try {
selector.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void doConnect() throws IOException {
// 如果直接连接成功,则注册到多路复用器上,发送请求消息,读应答
if (socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))) {
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
doWrite(socketChannel);
} else
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
}
private void doWrite(SocketChannel sc) throws IOException {
byte[] req = "你好服务器,我是客户端,你收到我的消息没?".getBytes();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
writeBuffer.put(req);
writeBuffer.flip();
sc.write(writeBuffer);
if (!writeBuffer.hasRemaining())
System.out.println("客户端发生消息完毕。");
}
private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
if (key.isValid()) {
// 判断是否连接成功
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
if (key.isConnectable()) {
if (sc.finishConnect()) {
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
doWrite(sc);
} else
System.exit(1);// 连接失败,进程退出
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
if (readBytes > 0) {
readBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
readBuffer.get(bytes);
String body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("客户端收到的消息: " + body);
this.stop = true;
} else if (readBytes < 0) {
// 对端链路关闭
key.cancel();
sc.close();
} else; // 读到0字节,忽略
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 8080;
new Thread(new ClientHandle("127.0.0.1", port), "客户端01").start();
}
}
服务端
package fei.com;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
public class ServerHandle implements Runnable {
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel servChannel;
private volatile boolean stop;
/**
* 初始化多路复用器、绑定监听端口
*
* @param port
*/
public ServerHandle(int port) {
try {
selector = Selector.open();
servChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
servChannel.configureBlocking(false);
servChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port), 1024);
servChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("服务器启动,端口是 : " + port);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
public void stop() {
this.stop = true;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
*/
@Override
public void run() {
while (!stop) {
try {
selector.select(1000);
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();
SelectionKey key = null;
while (it.hasNext()) {
key = it.next();
it.remove();
try {
handleInput(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (key != null) {
key.cancel();
if (key.channel() != null)
key.channel().close();
}
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 多路复用器关闭后,所有注册在上面的Channel和Pipe等资源都会被自动去注册并关闭,所以不需要重复释放资源
if (selector != null)
try {
selector.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
if (key.isValid()) {
// 处理新接入的请求消息
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
// Accept the new connection
ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
// Add the new connection to the selector
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
// Read the data
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
if (readBytes > 0) {
readBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
readBuffer.get(bytes);
String body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("服务器收到消息为 : " + body);
doWrite(sc, "我是服务器,我已经收到你消息了");
} else if (readBytes < 0) {
// 对端链路关闭
key.cancel();
sc.close();
} else ; // 读到0字节,忽略
}
}
}
private void doWrite(SocketChannel channel, String response)
throws IOException {
if (response != null && response.trim().length() > 0) {
byte[] bytes = response.getBytes();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
writeBuffer.put(bytes);
writeBuffer.flip();
channel.write(writeBuffer);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int port = 8080;
ServerHandle timeServer = new ServerHandle(port);
new Thread(timeServer, "服务器").start();
}
}
结果:
客户端
服务端